1
00:00:04,309 --> 00:00:02,790
good afternoon everybody from nasa's

2
00:00:06,710 --> 00:00:04,319
johnson space center here in houston

3
00:00:09,830 --> 00:00:06,720
texas i am josh byerly coming up on

4
00:00:11,270 --> 00:00:09,840
tuesday karen nyberg luca parmitano and

5
00:00:12,790 --> 00:00:11,280
fyodor yurchikhin are going to launch

6
00:00:15,589 --> 00:00:12,800
toward the international space station

7
00:00:16,950 --> 00:00:15,599
and join expedition 36 in progress on

8
00:00:18,550 --> 00:00:16,960
the orbiting complex there is quite a

9
00:00:20,630 --> 00:00:18,560
bit of operational activity ahead for

10
00:00:21,750 --> 00:00:20,640
this crew as well as a ton of science

11
00:00:23,830 --> 00:00:21,760
that's going to be going on over the

12
00:00:25,269 --> 00:00:23,840
next several months here to give us more

13
00:00:27,269 --> 00:00:25,279
details about what's ahead is mike

14
00:00:29,669 --> 00:00:27,279
safranini the international space

15
00:00:31,189 --> 00:00:29,679
station program manager as well as gary

16
00:00:33,830 --> 00:00:31,199
horlocker who is the lead flight

17
00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:33,840
director for expedition 36 and we're

18
00:00:37,910 --> 00:00:36,000
also joined by tara rutley the associate

19
00:00:39,190 --> 00:00:37,920
program scientist for the international

20
00:00:40,549 --> 00:00:39,200
space station we're going to hear from

21
00:00:42,709 --> 00:00:40,559
each one of them and then we'll take

22
00:00:45,030 --> 00:00:42,719
some questions we'll start with mike

23
00:00:47,670 --> 00:00:45,040
well good afternoon of course uh with

24
00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:47,680
the return of tom chris and roman we

25
00:00:53,430 --> 00:00:50,960
began increment 36 on board iss

26
00:00:56,150 --> 00:00:53,440
uh the vehicles in in great shape as we

27
00:00:59,029 --> 00:00:56,160
as we continue to do research on board

28
00:01:00,549 --> 00:00:59,039
um last week we uh changed that well not

29
00:01:01,910 --> 00:01:00,559
last week couple weeks ago now we

30
00:01:03,590 --> 00:01:01,920
changed out the

31
00:01:06,550 --> 00:01:03,600
a pump on the

32
00:01:08,789 --> 00:01:06,560
2b or the port outboard

33
00:01:10,390 --> 00:01:08,799
solar ray cooling system and

34
00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:10,400
and that seemed to be the source of the

35
00:01:15,270 --> 00:01:12,400
big leak that we saw

36
00:01:17,910 --> 00:01:15,280
so we today finished transitioning all

37
00:01:19,350 --> 00:01:17,920
the loads back on on that particular

38
00:01:21,910 --> 00:01:19,360
power

39
00:01:24,070 --> 00:01:21,920
solar array and everything is configured

40
00:01:26,469 --> 00:01:24,080
in a nominal fashion

41
00:01:28,630 --> 00:01:26,479
as we proceed forward the other big

42
00:01:29,429 --> 00:01:28,640
thing going on system-wise today anyway

43
00:01:31,030 --> 00:01:29,439
is

44
00:01:33,350 --> 00:01:31,040
our russian colleagues who have been

45
00:01:36,710 --> 00:01:33,360
using a u.s developed treadmill we refer

46
00:01:38,870 --> 00:01:36,720
to as tvis it's a vibration isolated one

47
00:01:40,390 --> 00:01:38,880
of two vibration isolated

48
00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:40,400
treadmills on the international space

49
00:01:45,510 --> 00:01:42,479
station they're they're busy

50
00:01:47,510 --> 00:01:45,520
replacing the tvis with a russian-built

51
00:01:49,830 --> 00:01:47,520
treadmill that work is going on now and

52
00:01:53,670 --> 00:01:49,840
they'll begin testing here shortly

53
00:01:55,749 --> 00:01:53,680
that's a big event for us as well

54
00:01:57,830 --> 00:01:55,759
research-wise though the teams have

55
00:01:59,830 --> 00:01:57,840
really been focusing on making sure

56
00:02:02,550 --> 00:01:59,840
while we continue to maintain the

57
00:02:04,389 --> 00:02:02,560
systems on board that we get

58
00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:04,399
a number of hours for research the

59
00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:06,159
prescribed number of hours of course is

60
00:02:10,550 --> 00:02:08,560
an average of 35 hours a week

61
00:02:11,670 --> 00:02:10,560
and over the last several increments we

62
00:02:13,190 --> 00:02:11,680
have been

63
00:02:15,350 --> 00:02:13,200
been beating that number by a good

64
00:02:17,030 --> 00:02:15,360
margin a little bit later tara will

65
00:02:18,869 --> 00:02:17,040
spend a little time with you talking

66
00:02:21,190 --> 00:02:18,879
about some of the research that we we

67
00:02:22,869 --> 00:02:21,200
plan to do on increment 36. now

68
00:02:24,949 --> 00:02:22,879
increment 36 is going to be one of the

69
00:02:26,869 --> 00:02:24,959
more challenging ones for us to to

70
00:02:29,270 --> 00:02:26,879
continue to provide

71
00:02:31,510 --> 00:02:29,280
the 35-hour average because of the fact

72
00:02:33,270 --> 00:02:31,520
that there are five evas

73
00:02:35,030 --> 00:02:33,280
during this period

74
00:02:38,070 --> 00:02:35,040
part of it goes into increment 30 second

75
00:02:39,190 --> 00:02:38,080
but 37 but while this crew is on board

76
00:02:41,670 --> 00:02:39,200
we'll have

77
00:02:43,430 --> 00:02:41,680
about five evas they're they're really

78
00:02:45,589 --> 00:02:43,440
geared towards the next major module to

79
00:02:46,710 --> 00:02:45,599
come to the iss which is the russian mrn

80
00:02:48,390 --> 00:02:46,720
module

81
00:02:51,350 --> 00:02:48,400
which comes up in the december time

82
00:02:52,390 --> 00:02:51,360
frame and so evas by themself of course

83
00:02:56,790 --> 00:02:52,400
are

84
00:02:58,790 --> 00:02:56,800
to that we'll have the first

85
00:03:01,670 --> 00:02:58,800
it is a plan anyway to have the first

86
00:03:02,550 --> 00:03:01,680
orbital uh flight to iss the demo

87
00:03:04,630 --> 00:03:02,560
mission

88
00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:04,640
which right now we just uh recently uh

89
00:03:10,309 --> 00:03:08,560
slated for a launch on september 12th

90
00:03:12,470 --> 00:03:10,319
and so that's in our plan

91
00:03:14,149 --> 00:03:12,480
uh as well which will keep the the crew

92
00:03:16,550 --> 00:03:14,159
busy and of course during this period as

93
00:03:17,670 --> 00:03:16,560
soon as the crew arrives we have an atv

94
00:03:18,390 --> 00:03:17,680
arrive

95
00:03:20,630 --> 00:03:18,400
then

96
00:03:22,790 --> 00:03:20,640
towards the end of the summer we have an

97
00:03:24,869 --> 00:03:22,800
htv arrive and so

98
00:03:26,390 --> 00:03:24,879
this will all keep the crew busy while

99
00:03:27,509 --> 00:03:26,400
they're also trying to get the research

100
00:03:30,550 --> 00:03:27,519
work done

101
00:03:33,750 --> 00:03:30,560
also unique to this this period which

102
00:03:35,750 --> 00:03:33,760
which again is includes increment 37 as

103
00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:35,760
well while the crew is on board

104
00:03:39,990 --> 00:03:37,440
right at the end of the stay for this

105
00:03:41,750 --> 00:03:40,000
particular crew coming up uh will be a

106
00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:41,760
unique opportunity for the international

107
00:03:46,070 --> 00:03:43,440
space station to host

108
00:03:48,710 --> 00:03:46,080
the olympic torch on board our russian

109
00:03:50,789 --> 00:03:48,720
colleagues are working with us on a plan

110
00:03:55,509 --> 00:03:50,799
that would bring uh bring the torch to

111
00:03:56,710 --> 00:03:55,519
iss and and uh and then return it on uh

112
00:03:59,509 --> 00:03:56,720
with uh

113
00:04:01,429 --> 00:03:59,519
uh with fyodor and karen and luca on

114
00:04:02,789 --> 00:04:01,439
their return and so

115
00:04:04,789 --> 00:04:02,799
we're looking forward to that because

116
00:04:06,630 --> 00:04:04,799
what's unique about that it's been been

117
00:04:09,190 --> 00:04:06,640
many many months uh since we've done

118
00:04:11,110 --> 00:04:09,200
what we call direct handover where where

119
00:04:13,509 --> 00:04:11,120
we have actually three soyuz attached to

120
00:04:16,469 --> 00:04:13,519
iss at one time and this is allow us to

121
00:04:19,270 --> 00:04:16,479
to bring the torch up uh with the crew

122
00:04:20,949 --> 00:04:19,280
that's arriving and then and then let

123
00:04:23,110 --> 00:04:20,959
fyodor and karen and luca bring it home

124
00:04:25,270 --> 00:04:23,120
on their vehicle a few days later

125
00:04:26,629 --> 00:04:25,280
so it's a very very busy

126
00:04:28,870 --> 00:04:26,639
increment for us

127
00:04:31,350 --> 00:04:28,880
our plan of course we still our plan

128
00:04:33,670 --> 00:04:31,360
still shows that we'll be able to get 35

129
00:04:35,590 --> 00:04:33,680
average hour uh

130
00:04:37,030 --> 00:04:35,600
accomplished but it we have a deficit

131
00:04:38,870 --> 00:04:37,040
today and so

132
00:04:40,310 --> 00:04:38,880
that's not uncommon the if you look at

133
00:04:42,710 --> 00:04:40,320
the plan it looks like it'll be

134
00:04:46,550 --> 00:04:42,720
difficult for us to do that but our ops

135
00:04:48,070 --> 00:04:46,560
team and engineering guys continually

136
00:04:50,629 --> 00:04:48,080
surprise us with their ability to

137
00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:50,639
overcome and so i fully expect us to do

138
00:04:53,430 --> 00:04:52,000
all those wonderful things we've talked

139
00:04:56,070 --> 00:04:53,440
about for this increment getting ready

140
00:04:58,390 --> 00:04:56,080
for mlm and the torch while at the same

141
00:05:00,310 --> 00:04:58,400
time getting the research done that we

142
00:05:01,749 --> 00:05:00,320
that we built space station to do

143
00:05:03,749 --> 00:05:01,759
and so with that i'll hand it over to

144
00:05:06,629 --> 00:05:03,759
gary and he'll he'll give you more

145
00:05:07,909 --> 00:05:06,639
details okay thanks mike no pressure i

146
00:05:10,310 --> 00:05:07,919
appreciate that

147
00:05:11,990 --> 00:05:10,320
so good afternoon everybody um i'm gary

148
00:05:14,629 --> 00:05:12,000
horlocker i'm the

149
00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:14,639
lead flight director for expedition 36

150
00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:16,240
which started as as you heard about a

151
00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:18,240
week ago and i'll continue my lead

152
00:05:22,710 --> 00:05:20,240
flight director duties um up until the

153
00:05:24,150 --> 00:05:22,720
end of the expedition in mid-september

154
00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:24,160
when david korth i believe we have a

155
00:05:29,110 --> 00:05:26,320
photo of him we'll we'll take over as a

156
00:05:30,550 --> 00:05:29,120
lead flight director for expedition 37

157
00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:30,560
and this transition occurs with the

158
00:05:33,909 --> 00:05:32,560
departure of the current crew that's on

159
00:05:35,909 --> 00:05:33,919
board and we'll talk about that more in

160
00:05:38,070 --> 00:05:35,919
a few minutes

161
00:05:40,150 --> 00:05:38,080
so expedition 36 began as as mike

162
00:05:42,390 --> 00:05:40,160
mentioned with the departure of uh chris

163
00:05:45,270 --> 00:05:42,400
hadfield roman romanenko and tom

164
00:05:47,830 --> 00:05:45,280
marshborn back on may 15th

165
00:05:49,670 --> 00:05:47,840
and uh remaining on board is a three

166
00:05:51,830 --> 00:05:49,680
crew members chris cassidy you see him

167
00:05:53,670 --> 00:05:51,840
here chris pavel vinogradov and

168
00:05:55,430 --> 00:05:53,680
alexander mazurkin

169
00:05:57,990 --> 00:05:55,440
and pavel is currently the commander of

170
00:05:59,189 --> 00:05:58,000
the space station for this expedition

171
00:06:01,830 --> 00:05:59,199
and they've been on board since the end

172
00:06:05,590 --> 00:06:03,189
the expedition will be augmented by

173
00:06:08,390 --> 00:06:05,600
three more crew members here next week

174
00:06:10,469 --> 00:06:08,400
their arrival on may 28th of of karen

175
00:06:11,590 --> 00:06:10,479
fyodor and luca and you can see them

176
00:06:13,110 --> 00:06:11,600
here

177
00:06:15,590 --> 00:06:13,120
karen's a

178
00:06:17,350 --> 00:06:15,600
veteran space flight

179
00:06:19,590 --> 00:06:17,360
astronaut she was a mission specialist

180
00:06:20,390 --> 00:06:19,600
on sts-124

181
00:06:21,350 --> 00:06:20,400
um

182
00:06:25,029 --> 00:06:21,360
back in

183
00:06:26,390 --> 00:06:25,039
2008 fyodor is our most experienced

184
00:06:28,309 --> 00:06:26,400
crew member in this in this crew

185
00:06:30,469 --> 00:06:28,319
compliment he's a veteran of three space

186
00:06:33,189 --> 00:06:30,479
flights two of them were to the

187
00:06:35,990 --> 00:06:33,199
iss and one to the shuttle

188
00:06:37,830 --> 00:06:36,000
he was a mission specialist on scs 112

189
00:06:40,150 --> 00:06:37,840
back in 2002

190
00:06:43,270 --> 00:06:40,160
he was in the commander of expedition 15

191
00:06:46,629 --> 00:06:43,280
on the iss and then the flight engineer

192
00:06:49,270 --> 00:06:46,639
on expedition 24 and 25.

193
00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:49,280
and is our european space agency

194
00:06:53,590 --> 00:06:51,840
astronaut and an italian air force major

195
00:06:55,990 --> 00:06:53,600
and this will be his first uh space

196
00:06:59,510 --> 00:06:57,189
so i'm going to give you a quick

197
00:07:01,589 --> 00:06:59,520
overview here of karen fyodor and luca's

198
00:07:03,830 --> 00:07:01,599
final preparations for launch next week

199
00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:03,840
i think we have a short video

200
00:07:10,150 --> 00:07:06,000
to show you here

201
00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:14,230
baikonur in kazakhstan

202
00:07:19,350 --> 00:07:15,990
some photo opportunities before they get

203
00:07:23,430 --> 00:07:19,360
to get inside their soyuz capsule and

204
00:07:27,749 --> 00:07:25,589
and they're all suited up prior to uh

205
00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:27,759
another fit check

206
00:07:34,070 --> 00:07:29,680
here's karen again a fit check with her

207
00:07:37,670 --> 00:07:36,309
and here they are walking out to their

208
00:07:40,469 --> 00:07:37,680
vehicle to

209
00:07:40,479 --> 00:07:44,550
here's karen in her seat

210
00:07:47,990 --> 00:07:46,550
they also do uh several

211
00:07:50,469 --> 00:07:48,000
traditions prior to launch there at

212
00:07:53,029 --> 00:07:50,479
baikonur uh one of them is tree planting

213
00:07:55,270 --> 00:07:53,039
you see luca planting history here

214
00:07:56,790 --> 00:07:55,280
and uh

215
00:07:58,469 --> 00:07:56,800
so they're well on their way to the to

216
00:08:00,309 --> 00:07:58,479
the launch next week so they'll continue

217
00:08:03,990 --> 00:08:00,319
their preparations the next few days and

218
00:08:05,510 --> 00:08:04,000
uh be ready to launch at 3 31 pm central

219
00:08:07,670 --> 00:08:05,520
time on

220
00:08:10,710 --> 00:08:07,680
may 28th with a docking about six hours

221
00:08:11,749 --> 00:08:10,720
later at 9 17 p.m

222
00:08:13,749 --> 00:08:11,759
so now i'm going to go ahead and walk

223
00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:13,759
you through a quick timeline of of the

224
00:08:17,270 --> 00:08:15,520
the highlights of this expedition which

225
00:08:18,629 --> 00:08:17,280
you're going to see the theme here is

226
00:08:20,869 --> 00:08:18,639
about every one to two weeks we got a

227
00:08:22,629 --> 00:08:20,879
major activity either a vehicle

228
00:08:25,430 --> 00:08:22,639
arriving at the station departing from

229
00:08:28,309 --> 00:08:25,440
station launching from the planet or or

230
00:08:30,390 --> 00:08:28,319
one of these five space walks so

231
00:08:31,589 --> 00:08:30,400
obviously starting next week on may 28th

232
00:08:33,509 --> 00:08:31,599
will be the

233
00:08:35,990 --> 00:08:33,519
launch of the 35 soyuz vehicle with

234
00:08:37,909 --> 00:08:36,000
karen fyodor and luke on board and

235
00:08:39,750 --> 00:08:37,919
they'll dock to the mrm docking port on

236
00:08:41,750 --> 00:08:39,760
the nadir side or the earth-facing side

237
00:08:43,509 --> 00:08:41,760
of the space station

238
00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:43,519
about a week later the

239
00:08:49,030 --> 00:08:47,200
european cargo vehicle atv4 will launch

240
00:08:50,550 --> 00:08:49,040
and start to

241
00:08:52,630 --> 00:08:50,560
head toward the space station here's a

242
00:08:56,710 --> 00:08:52,640
shot of of it in its final preparations

243
00:09:01,910 --> 00:08:58,870
following that on june 11th the progress

244
00:09:03,829 --> 00:09:01,920
51p vehicle will undock from the smf

245
00:09:06,389 --> 00:09:03,839
docking port which will clear the way

246
00:09:09,910 --> 00:09:06,399
for the atv4 to dock at that same port

247
00:09:11,829 --> 00:09:09,920
on june 15th just a few days later

248
00:09:14,150 --> 00:09:11,839
and then on june 26 will be the first of

249
00:09:15,350 --> 00:09:14,160
the three russian space walks and all

250
00:09:17,030 --> 00:09:15,360
three of these space walks will be

251
00:09:19,350 --> 00:09:17,040
performed by

252
00:09:20,949 --> 00:09:19,360
fyodor and alexander and this first

253
00:09:22,550 --> 00:09:20,959
spacewalk is going to focus on some

254
00:09:24,150 --> 00:09:22,560
external russian

255
00:09:27,030 --> 00:09:24,160
experiment

256
00:09:28,630 --> 00:09:27,040
work outside the vehicle

257
00:09:31,430 --> 00:09:28,640
a couple weeks later we'll come into

258
00:09:35,110 --> 00:09:31,440
july 9th and july 16th will be the two

259
00:09:37,430 --> 00:09:35,120
us evas eva's number 22 and 23 and r2

260
00:09:38,389 --> 00:09:37,440
spacewalkers are chris and luca for both

261
00:09:39,910 --> 00:09:38,399
of these

262
00:09:41,750 --> 00:09:39,920
evas

263
00:09:43,350 --> 00:09:41,760
and uh coincidentally dave courts will

264
00:09:45,590 --> 00:09:43,360
will also be the lead flight director

265
00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:45,600
for both of these evas and he'll be back

266
00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:48,320
here sometime next month with a detailed

267
00:09:55,110 --> 00:09:52,320
briefing on both of those space walks

268
00:09:57,990 --> 00:09:55,120
a week later july 25th we'll see the

269
00:10:00,710 --> 00:09:58,000
progress 50p vehicle undocked from the

270
00:10:01,829 --> 00:10:00,720
dc1 docking port followed two days later

271
00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:01,839
by the

272
00:10:08,230 --> 00:10:04,480
launch and docking of the next progress

273
00:10:10,070 --> 00:10:08,240
vehicle the 52 vehicle at that same port

274
00:10:12,550 --> 00:10:10,080
and then the week after that we'll get

275
00:10:14,870 --> 00:10:12,560
the launch of the htv4 cargo vehicle

276
00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:14,880
from japan and i think we have a picture

277
00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:15,920
of

278
00:10:20,069 --> 00:10:17,440
actually the ht

279
00:10:21,750 --> 00:10:20,079
v3 vehicle in flight last time it was up

280
00:10:26,710 --> 00:10:21,760
so

281
00:10:29,430 --> 00:10:26,720
to the station there in july and august

282
00:10:32,230 --> 00:10:29,440
so we have a lot of cargo operations to

283
00:10:34,389 --> 00:10:32,240
to take care of in that time frame so on

284
00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:34,399
august 9th we'll go ahead and capture

285
00:10:39,350 --> 00:10:36,640
and birth that htv vehicle to the nader

286
00:10:41,350 --> 00:10:39,360
2 docking port on the space station

287
00:10:43,190 --> 00:10:41,360
and then we'll step right into the uh

288
00:10:46,389 --> 00:10:43,200
the last two russian evas of this

289
00:10:47,990 --> 00:10:46,399
expedition that's eva 34 and 35.

290
00:10:50,150 --> 00:10:48,000
and both of these evas will continue

291
00:10:51,670 --> 00:10:50,160
external experiment work as well as as

292
00:10:53,509 --> 00:10:51,680
mike mentioned some preparations for

293
00:10:56,630 --> 00:10:53,519
that mrn module that will show up later

294
00:10:59,430 --> 00:10:58,630
and that will lead us into september 8th

295
00:11:01,509 --> 00:10:59,440
we'll

296
00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:01,519
hopefully have all htv

297
00:11:05,350 --> 00:11:03,120
operations complete we'll unbirth and

298
00:11:06,949 --> 00:11:05,360
release that vehicle and then two days

299
00:11:09,269 --> 00:11:06,959
later we'll see the end of this

300
00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:09,279
expedition with the departure and return

301
00:11:15,829 --> 00:11:10,000
of

302
00:11:20,470 --> 00:11:17,269
pavel so

303
00:11:21,829 --> 00:11:20,480
that'll kick off the expedition 37

304
00:11:23,670 --> 00:11:21,839
time frame

305
00:11:25,509 --> 00:11:23,680
now karen and fyodor and luca will

306
00:11:27,670 --> 00:11:25,519
remain on board

307
00:11:29,590 --> 00:11:27,680
through mid-november and they'll see the

308
00:11:31,350 --> 00:11:29,600
arrival of three more crew members at

309
00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:31,360
the end of september you see them here

310
00:11:37,269 --> 00:11:34,320
that's mike hopkins oleg kotov

311
00:11:39,269 --> 00:11:37,279
and uh sergei rozinski in uh like i said

312
00:11:41,030 --> 00:11:39,279
late september

313
00:11:42,870 --> 00:11:41,040
so as you can see we got uh our

314
00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:42,880
challenges are definitely

315
00:11:47,190 --> 00:11:45,200
um managing all these visiting vehicles

316
00:11:49,750 --> 00:11:47,200
and their associated cargo operations as

317
00:11:51,509 --> 00:11:49,760
well as five evas

318
00:11:52,949 --> 00:11:51,519
with a lot going on just about every

319
00:11:53,910 --> 00:11:52,959
week so

320
00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:53,920
like mike said it's gonna be a

321
00:11:57,190 --> 00:11:55,440
challenging time for both the ground and

322
00:11:58,630 --> 00:11:57,200
the crew

323
00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:58,640
and on top of all that of course we've

324
00:12:02,949 --> 00:12:00,480
got a very very healthy science and

325
00:12:04,310 --> 00:12:02,959
research program to deal with as well so

326
00:12:05,430 --> 00:12:04,320
tara's going to give you some details on

327
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:05,440
that

328
00:12:09,110 --> 00:12:07,519
yeah thanks very much i'm happy to be

329
00:12:10,870 --> 00:12:09,120
here with you all today to share some of

330
00:12:12,870 --> 00:12:10,880
the good things that are happening on

331
00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:12,880
the space station regarding the science

332
00:12:15,750 --> 00:12:14,560
i'm the associate program scientist for

333
00:12:18,069 --> 00:12:15,760
station

334
00:12:19,990 --> 00:12:18,079
i reside here at jsc and our offices

335
00:12:21,269 --> 00:12:20,000
have been really really busy and our

336
00:12:23,829 --> 00:12:21,279
teams have been really really busy

337
00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:23,839
managing the diverse research portfolio

338
00:12:27,190 --> 00:12:25,760
that's happening on station and the crew

339
00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:27,200
members have been busier than ever

340
00:12:32,069 --> 00:12:30,399
getting it done for us up there so

341
00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:32,079
i want to share with you guys some some

342
00:12:36,150 --> 00:12:34,000
stats as of today

343
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:36,160
today on the space station approximately

344
00:12:40,790 --> 00:12:38,720
1600 investigations have actually been

345
00:12:43,509 --> 00:12:40,800
performed across the partnership and

346
00:12:46,550 --> 00:12:43,519
that's representing over 1500 scientists

347
00:12:48,150 --> 00:12:46,560
on the ground across 68 countries very

348
00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:48,160
busy and so through the remainder of

349
00:12:54,230 --> 00:12:50,480
this year we'll be looking at doing over

350
00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:54,240
300 investigations total through 2013

351
00:12:57,670 --> 00:12:56,399
and they cover the range of

352
00:13:00,550 --> 00:12:57,680
disciplines from biology and

353
00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:00,560
biotechnology to human research physical

354
00:13:05,829 --> 00:13:03,120
sciences education technology

355
00:13:08,230 --> 00:13:05,839
demonstration and human research

356
00:13:09,670 --> 00:13:08,240
each of these investigations is going to

357
00:13:11,829 --> 00:13:09,680
provide knowledge that advances the

358
00:13:14,310 --> 00:13:11,839
human exploration of space gives us some

359
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:14,320
fundamental knowledge that we can gain

360
00:13:18,949 --> 00:13:17,040
to advance our own textbook knowledge

361
00:13:20,550 --> 00:13:18,959
and getting us some new discoveries and

362
00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:20,560
benefiting those of us here on earth as

363
00:13:23,110 --> 00:13:21,600
well

364
00:13:25,269 --> 00:13:23,120
although hundreds of investigations are

365
00:13:27,269 --> 00:13:25,279
going to be performed on expedition 36

366
00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:27,279
and 37 i only have time to talk to you

367
00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:29,120
about just a handful of those today so

368
00:13:31,430 --> 00:13:30,240
the ones i'll share with you are

369
00:13:33,750 --> 00:13:31,440
actually going to be particularly

370
00:13:35,030 --> 00:13:33,760
relevant to crew health and safety on

371
00:13:37,269 --> 00:13:35,040
orbit and they also have earth

372
00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:37,279
applications as well

373
00:13:40,949 --> 00:13:38,720
the first investigation i'll share with

374
00:13:42,790 --> 00:13:40,959
you today focuses on a new technique

375
00:13:45,190 --> 00:13:42,800
aimed at identifying the best ways to

376
00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:45,200
maintain bone health in microgravity and

377
00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:48,240
this is the hip qct investigation which

378
00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:50,000
will use quantitative computed

379
00:13:54,949 --> 00:13:52,560
tomography and that's the qct part

380
00:13:56,629 --> 00:13:54,959
to look at the quality of the hip bone

381
00:13:58,790 --> 00:13:56,639
in our astronauts returning from long

382
00:14:00,470 --> 00:13:58,800
duration space flight on station and we

383
00:14:02,069 --> 00:14:00,480
really want to use this technology to

384
00:14:04,069 --> 00:14:02,079
basically get an idea of how good our

385
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:04,079
countermeasures work on orbit see now

386
00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:06,000
normally here on earth our bones stay

387
00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:07,600
healthy and strong by undergoing a

388
00:14:11,750 --> 00:14:09,839
constant remodeling process and that is

389
00:14:13,590 --> 00:14:11,760
the breakdown of old bone

390
00:14:15,430 --> 00:14:13,600
and replacement of new bone and so it's

391
00:14:16,870 --> 00:14:15,440
constantly happening without even us

392
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:16,880
knowing about it

393
00:14:21,269 --> 00:14:19,120
so the cells you see here right now are

394
00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:21,279
called osteoclasts and it's their job to

395
00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:24,320
take down and break away the old bone uh

396
00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:26,880
and and in preparation for these cells

397
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:28,240
that'll come along next called

398
00:14:32,949 --> 00:14:30,880
osteoblasts the osteoblasts come along

399
00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:32,959
and add back the new bone and it's this

400
00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:34,880
constant process of remodeling that

401
00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:36,720
keeps our bones healthy and hold us up

402
00:14:40,629 --> 00:14:38,800
against the gravity vector on earth

403
00:14:42,629 --> 00:14:40,639
now on earth it's a good natural balance

404
00:14:44,949 --> 00:14:42,639
but in space there are changes in this

405
00:14:47,829 --> 00:14:44,959
balance and so you get what you get as a

406
00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:47,839
net result of a loss of bone mass

407
00:14:51,350 --> 00:14:50,000
without adequate replacement of the bone

408
00:14:53,670 --> 00:14:51,360
mass so

409
00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:53,680
this puts us at a risk of a higher

410
00:14:57,430 --> 00:14:55,440
fracture for risk and so we care about

411
00:14:59,509 --> 00:14:57,440
these kind of changes we want strong and

412
00:15:01,030 --> 00:14:59,519
healthy bones we care about it for our

413
00:15:03,030 --> 00:15:01,040
crew members as we stay longer and

414
00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:03,040
longer in space but we also can use this

415
00:15:06,949 --> 00:15:04,800
information that we learn from from our

416
00:15:08,790 --> 00:15:06,959
studies on orbit to help those of us

417
00:15:10,550 --> 00:15:08,800
here on earth that may be dealing with

418
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:10,560
osteoporosis

419
00:15:14,629 --> 00:15:12,560
in fact astronauts lose bone mass at a

420
00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:14,639
rate of about two percent per month in

421
00:15:19,110 --> 00:15:16,959
some areas of the body so it's a big

422
00:15:20,629 --> 00:15:19,120
issue for space exploration it's also a

423
00:15:22,150 --> 00:15:20,639
big issue here on earth

424
00:15:24,310 --> 00:15:22,160
you know space station scientists have

425
00:15:26,150 --> 00:15:24,320
investigated different countermeasures

426
00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:26,160
in an effort to maintain bone health on

427
00:15:30,629 --> 00:15:28,240
orbit this includes pharmaceuticals and

428
00:15:32,710 --> 00:15:30,639
exercise and proper nutrition

429
00:15:33,990 --> 00:15:32,720
in fact a recent space station study was

430
00:15:36,230 --> 00:15:34,000
published in the journal of bone and

431
00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:36,240
mineral research last fall that's shown

432
00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:37,760
that a combination of high load

433
00:15:41,269 --> 00:15:39,680
resistive exercise on orbit such as what

434
00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:41,279
you're looking at here using the

435
00:15:45,590 --> 00:15:43,760
advanced resistive exercise device along

436
00:15:47,990 --> 00:15:45,600
with adequate intake of vitamin d at

437
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:48,000
about 800 ius per day and eating the

438
00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:49,680
right amount of calories

439
00:15:54,470 --> 00:15:52,000
can help maintain bone mass and this is

440
00:15:56,470 --> 00:15:54,480
a big big finding for us

441
00:15:58,389 --> 00:15:56,480
so our data has been traditionally

442
00:16:00,310 --> 00:15:58,399
collected using dexa scans of the bone

443
00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:00,320
that tells you something about the bone

444
00:16:05,189 --> 00:16:03,040
mineral density of the bone

445
00:16:07,269 --> 00:16:05,199
and this is also used on the ground in

446
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:07,279
patients with to monitor osteoporosis

447
00:16:10,550 --> 00:16:08,560
progression

448
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:10,560
but it doesn't tell us much about the

449
00:16:13,509 --> 00:16:12,160
the quality of what's going on on the

450
00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:13,519
inside of the bone and that's what we

451
00:16:17,590 --> 00:16:15,920
really really want to know about because

452
00:16:19,990 --> 00:16:17,600
we really want to know about the risk

453
00:16:21,189 --> 00:16:20,000
for fracture so

454
00:16:23,509 --> 00:16:21,199
it's important to determine the

455
00:16:26,069 --> 00:16:23,519
structure of the bone is is healthy so

456
00:16:28,629 --> 00:16:26,079
the hip qct study is underway it's going

457
00:16:31,110 --> 00:16:28,639
to take pre and post flight measurements

458
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:31,120
of crew members of the hip

459
00:16:36,069 --> 00:16:33,680
using the qct the qct is a three

460
00:16:37,189 --> 00:16:36,079
dimensional 3d imaging capability that

461
00:16:39,430 --> 00:16:37,199
can tell us something about what's

462
00:16:41,509 --> 00:16:39,440
actually happening to the structure and

463
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:41,519
the quality of the bone

464
00:16:45,910 --> 00:16:43,440
qct is also used here on earth for

465
00:16:47,269 --> 00:16:45,920
osteoporosis monitoring and can tell us

466
00:16:48,790 --> 00:16:47,279
details about the different parts of the

467
00:16:51,670 --> 00:16:48,800
bone such as what you see in the image

468
00:16:53,350 --> 00:16:51,680
on the right what we can find out about

469
00:16:55,990 --> 00:16:53,360
are changes that happen to the cortical

470
00:16:57,590 --> 00:16:56,000
bone and the trabecular bone now the

471
00:16:58,870 --> 00:16:57,600
reason we care about these two parts of

472
00:17:00,389 --> 00:16:58,880
the bone in particular is because they

473
00:17:01,990 --> 00:17:00,399
have to work together

474
00:17:03,430 --> 00:17:02,000
to maintain the overall structural

475
00:17:05,669 --> 00:17:03,440
quality of the bone so we really want to

476
00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:05,679
know the details of what's happening in

477
00:17:09,669 --> 00:17:08,079
maintenance of these areas of the bone

478
00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:09,679
now what we're going to gain from this

479
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:11,039
is a good understanding of how our

480
00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:12,480
countermeasures are working together to

481
00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:14,160
help mitigate bone loss and keep our

482
00:17:18,549 --> 00:17:16,160
astronauts protected longer

483
00:17:20,230 --> 00:17:18,559
for longer durations we can also gain

484
00:17:22,069 --> 00:17:20,240
and use any of this data that we collect

485
00:17:25,189 --> 00:17:22,079
here for understanding what's happening

486
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:25,199
to our uh disuse osteoporosis or our

487
00:17:30,070 --> 00:17:27,360
normal osteoporosis patients on earth

488
00:17:34,950 --> 00:17:30,080
osteoporosis affects about 75 million

489
00:17:36,549 --> 00:17:34,960
people across europe japan and america

490
00:17:37,909 --> 00:17:36,559
another area of importance in keeping

491
00:17:39,909 --> 00:17:37,919
astronauts healthy in the future of

492
00:17:42,070 --> 00:17:39,919
space exploration is understanding how

493
00:17:43,990 --> 00:17:42,080
plants grow the ability for plants to

494
00:17:45,750 --> 00:17:44,000
provide a food source and participate in

495
00:17:47,510 --> 00:17:45,760
environmental life support systems can

496
00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:47,520
prove critical for astronauts as they

497
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:50,160
stay longer and longer in space now

498
00:17:53,590 --> 00:17:51,600
plants have had about three to four

499
00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:53,600
billions worth a billion years worth of

500
00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:54,960
adapting to the

501
00:17:58,310 --> 00:17:56,720
environments here on earth which makes

502
00:18:00,150 --> 00:17:58,320
them really responsive to any changes in

503
00:18:02,070 --> 00:18:00,160
their environment so on the space

504
00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:02,080
station

505
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:03,760
experiments have provided us information

506
00:18:07,750 --> 00:18:05,360
about how plants grow when you change

507
00:18:10,470 --> 00:18:07,760
things like temperature and lighting and

508
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,480
moisture and atmosphere and specifically

509
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:12,559
also gravity of course

510
00:18:15,430 --> 00:18:13,760
so

511
00:18:17,669 --> 00:18:15,440
when we do more work we need to do more

512
00:18:19,110 --> 00:18:17,679
work and understanding how plants grow

513
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:19,120
and we can put it all together to

514
00:18:22,549 --> 00:18:20,880
successfully tell us how we can grow

515
00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:22,559
plants that'll be helpful to us on

516
00:18:26,549 --> 00:18:24,880
exploration class missions

517
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:26,559
so a new investigation from our partners

518
00:18:31,510 --> 00:18:28,480
at the japanese aerospace exploration

519
00:18:33,510 --> 00:18:31,520
agency jaxa will investigate how tiny

520
00:18:36,150 --> 00:18:33,520
tubular proteins in plants called

521
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:36,160
microtubules will arrange themselves to

522
00:18:39,990 --> 00:18:38,000
direct their plant growth and structure

523
00:18:41,590 --> 00:18:40,000
under microgravity conditions now we

524
00:18:43,830 --> 00:18:41,600
know that these microtubules play a

525
00:18:46,470 --> 00:18:43,840
major role on earth in helping plant

526
00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:46,480
cells reorganize in response to disease

527
00:18:50,710 --> 00:18:49,200
and external environmental signals now

528
00:18:52,390 --> 00:18:50,720
on the green left image that you can see

529
00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:52,400
on your screen you can see that under

530
00:18:55,750 --> 00:18:54,000
normal gravity conditions these

531
00:18:58,630 --> 00:18:55,760
microtubules will arrange themselves

532
00:19:00,470 --> 00:18:58,640
transversely in stems as the plant grows

533
00:19:02,549 --> 00:19:00,480
for optimal structural support so they

534
00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:02,559
provide structure but our jaxa

535
00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:04,080
scientists have found that plants grown

536
00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:06,000
under hyper gravity conditions such as

537
00:19:09,669 --> 00:19:07,840
the 3g depiction you see here on the

538
00:19:12,470 --> 00:19:09,679
right in green they'll change their

539
00:19:15,029 --> 00:19:12,480
microtubule orientation to longitudinal

540
00:19:17,270 --> 00:19:15,039
and what you get is a shorter thicker

541
00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:17,280
body that's designed to withstand the

542
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:19,440
increased effects of gravity and this is

543
00:19:23,430 --> 00:19:21,760
known as plant anisotropy

544
00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:23,440
and this kind of response is one example

545
00:19:26,630 --> 00:19:24,799
of the plant's way of adapting to

546
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:26,640
changes in its environment

547
00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:29,120
now on station jackson investigators are

548
00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:30,320
going to look at the resulting

549
00:19:34,150 --> 00:19:32,400
microtubule arrangement of arapadapsa

550
00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:34,160
seedlings grown under microgravity

551
00:19:37,990 --> 00:19:36,320
conditions and given what they know they

552
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:38,000
expect to see an increase in the

553
00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:39,840
transverse arrangements of the

554
00:19:44,150 --> 00:19:42,480
microtubules along with longer thinner

555
00:19:45,430 --> 00:19:44,160
stems so we're going to see something a

556
00:19:47,190 --> 00:19:45,440
little different

557
00:19:48,549 --> 00:19:47,200
and we care about this kind of result

558
00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:48,559
because plants

559
00:19:53,430 --> 00:19:49,520
use

560
00:19:55,430 --> 00:19:53,440
about efficiency of the energy that they

561
00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:55,440
use to help themselves grow that we can

562
00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:57,120
gain knowledge from and contribute to

563
00:20:00,230 --> 00:19:58,880
our database and understanding the

564
00:20:02,549 --> 00:20:00,240
entire story about how to help

565
00:20:04,310 --> 00:20:02,559
successfully grow plants in space

566
00:20:05,830 --> 00:20:04,320
so investigations like this will

567
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:05,840
contribute to plant growth knowledge to

568
00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:08,000
help develop sustainable and economical

569
00:20:11,270 --> 00:20:09,520
means of

570
00:20:13,110 --> 00:20:11,280
human life support in space and we can

571
00:20:15,909 --> 00:20:13,120
learn some things as well that will help

572
00:20:17,909 --> 00:20:15,919
us advance agricultural production here

573
00:20:19,830 --> 00:20:17,919
on earth

574
00:20:21,830 --> 00:20:19,840
the next investigation i'll talk about

575
00:20:25,029 --> 00:20:21,840
is the multi-gas monitor now the space

576
00:20:26,630 --> 00:20:25,039
station is an ideal platform to advance

577
00:20:28,950 --> 00:20:26,640
technology development important for

578
00:20:29,990 --> 00:20:28,960
crew health and safety

579
00:20:31,909 --> 00:20:30,000
and so

580
00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:31,919
the multi-gas monitor demonstration will

581
00:20:37,190 --> 00:20:34,880
get underway during expedition 37. now

582
00:20:39,430 --> 00:20:37,200
the multi-gas monitor is the first

583
00:20:41,430 --> 00:20:39,440
application of laser spectroscopy to

584
00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:41,440
simultaneously measure multiple gases in

585
00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:43,360
the internal space station environment

586
00:20:48,470 --> 00:20:46,240
this includes oxygen carbon dioxide and

587
00:20:50,710 --> 00:20:48,480
ammonia it'll also measure water vapor

588
00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:50,720
or humidity in a real time continuous

589
00:20:54,789 --> 00:20:51,919
fashion

590
00:20:57,029 --> 00:20:54,799
now this kind of portable optical laser

591
00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:57,039
gas analysis technology or olga as you

592
00:21:01,190 --> 00:20:59,280
see there is designed to be very

593
00:21:03,190 --> 00:21:01,200
selective for particular environmental

594
00:21:05,190 --> 00:21:03,200
constituents with a very high amount of

595
00:21:07,830 --> 00:21:05,200
sensitivity and accuracy and no

596
00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:07,840
environmental cross-contamination so i

597
00:21:10,789 --> 00:21:09,280
actually brought along an engineering

598
00:21:13,510 --> 00:21:10,799
unit that i

599
00:21:15,029 --> 00:21:13,520
brought to show and tell you guys today

600
00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:15,039
and i know right it's always fun when

601
00:21:17,830 --> 00:21:16,320
you can actually bring some hardware to

602
00:21:19,669 --> 00:21:17,840
show and tell and so this is an

603
00:21:22,950 --> 00:21:19,679
engineering unit the flight unit's much

604
00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:22,960
more robust but it's designed overall to

605
00:21:26,149 --> 00:21:24,240
be modular

606
00:21:28,549 --> 00:21:26,159
battery powered and actually flexible

607
00:21:30,310 --> 00:21:28,559
enough in the future to look for things

608
00:21:32,470 --> 00:21:30,320
like combustion products in the

609
00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:32,480
atmosphere as well so if you you can see

610
00:21:35,750 --> 00:21:33,840
here it has a display and it gives a

611
00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:35,760
real-time reading of the data that it's

612
00:21:40,149 --> 00:21:37,360
collecting so you can see the water the

613
00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:40,159
carbon dioxide the ammonia

614
00:21:44,310 --> 00:21:42,480
it'll collect data on iss while housed

615
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:44,320
in iraq and then also crew members can

616
00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:46,240
take it around and make it portable and

617
00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:48,720
test certain areas of the iss as well

618
00:21:52,710 --> 00:21:50,480
and then that data will be compared to

619
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:52,720
environmental data that's collected from

620
00:21:58,070 --> 00:21:56,080
the existing eclipse systems on orbit

621
00:21:59,510 --> 00:21:58,080
and and just kind of see how far this

622
00:22:00,870 --> 00:21:59,520
technology can go

623
00:22:02,630 --> 00:22:00,880
um you all in the room are welcome to

624
00:22:04,630 --> 00:22:02,640
come up after the briefing and and and

625
00:22:06,549 --> 00:22:04,640
test its capabilities as well you're

626
00:22:08,789 --> 00:22:06,559
invited to come up here

627
00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:08,799
uh what i wanted to to add for this is

628
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:10,080
this kind of

629
00:22:15,029 --> 00:22:11,600
multi multi

630
00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:15,039
sensor capability is uh has really good

631
00:22:18,710 --> 00:22:16,960
use for potential on earth in in areas

632
00:22:20,870 --> 00:22:18,720
such as personnel

633
00:22:23,909 --> 00:22:20,880
and health and personal safety and

634
00:22:25,990 --> 00:22:23,919
health monitoring in industrial plants

635
00:22:27,909 --> 00:22:26,000
atmospheric research pollution

636
00:22:30,470 --> 00:22:27,919
monitoring and even food quality

637
00:22:31,909 --> 00:22:30,480
assurance

638
00:22:33,430 --> 00:22:31,919
the final investigation i'll tell you

639
00:22:35,830 --> 00:22:33,440
about today is actually wrapping up

640
00:22:38,950 --> 00:22:35,840
during expedition 36 and this is the

641
00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:38,960
bass investigation alba stands for the

642
00:22:42,630 --> 00:22:40,960
burning and suppression of solids so we

643
00:22:44,710 --> 00:22:42,640
have a flame investigation i'll talk

644
00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:44,720
about so you know combustion experiments

645
00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:46,400
performed on station tell us not only

646
00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:48,480
about how to keep our crew members safe

647
00:22:52,230 --> 00:22:50,000
but it also gives us data for

648
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:52,240
earth-based models that drive

649
00:22:55,669 --> 00:22:54,000
improvements in the designs of fire

650
00:22:56,470 --> 00:22:55,679
detection and suppression systems on

651
00:22:57,830 --> 00:22:56,480
earth

652
00:22:59,430 --> 00:22:57,840
uh so what you're looking at in this

653
00:23:01,669 --> 00:22:59,440
graphic is some examples of flame

654
00:23:03,350 --> 00:23:01,679
behavior we see in space and in general

655
00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:03,360
we've learned that in microgravity

656
00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:05,200
without the buoyancy driven convection

657
00:23:08,390 --> 00:23:07,039
flames will burn at a lower temperature

658
00:23:10,070 --> 00:23:08,400
at a lower rate

659
00:23:12,070 --> 00:23:10,080
and with less oxygen needed than in

660
00:23:14,070 --> 00:23:12,080
normal gravity we've also learned that

661
00:23:15,430 --> 00:23:14,080
even smoke detection times are longer in

662
00:23:17,029 --> 00:23:15,440
space because of the different burning

663
00:23:19,110 --> 00:23:17,039
characteristics in the microgravity

664
00:23:20,390 --> 00:23:19,120
environment so the space station is a

665
00:23:21,990 --> 00:23:20,400
great place to do all kinds of

666
00:23:24,789 --> 00:23:22,000
combustion experiments using different

667
00:23:26,149 --> 00:23:24,799
fuel types different means of detection

668
00:23:27,350 --> 00:23:26,159
and different types of suppression

669
00:23:28,789 --> 00:23:27,360
methods

670
00:23:30,549 --> 00:23:28,799
now the bass investigation has been

671
00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:30,559
looking at the effects of burning

672
00:23:37,270 --> 00:23:34,960
various solid fuels inside the msg and

673
00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:37,280
it's burns fuel such as acrylic

674
00:23:41,430 --> 00:23:39,440
different types of plastics and cotton

675
00:23:43,110 --> 00:23:41,440
and these different fuels will be of

676
00:23:44,549 --> 00:23:43,120
different sizes and shapes and then

677
00:23:46,070 --> 00:23:44,559
we'll test them out under different

678
00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:46,080
atmospheric conditions with different

679
00:23:49,830 --> 00:23:48,080
suppression techniques

680
00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:49,840
so what you're looking at uh here is

681
00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:51,520
chris cassidy showing us a sample of

682
00:23:55,110 --> 00:23:53,280
what one of the solid fuels looks like

683
00:23:57,590 --> 00:23:55,120
before it's burned and then you'll see

684
00:24:00,710 --> 00:23:57,600
don pettit uh performing the performing

685
00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:00,720
the very first bass test on on iss

686
00:24:05,830 --> 00:24:03,200
this is a test in particular that's

687
00:24:09,110 --> 00:24:05,840
burning a composite fabric of fiberglass

688
00:24:12,390 --> 00:24:09,120
and cotton in ordinary iss air now the

689
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:12,400
airflow here is from right to left

690
00:24:16,310 --> 00:24:14,080
and the investigators are watching for

691
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:16,320
changes in flame color and size as the

692
00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:18,559
airflow is varied the goal of this

693
00:24:22,230 --> 00:24:20,720
particular test was to determine

694
00:24:24,230 --> 00:24:22,240
the effect of air flow speed on the

695
00:24:26,149 --> 00:24:24,240
flame spread rate and extinction and

696
00:24:28,230 --> 00:24:26,159
we're real excited to learn about the

697
00:24:30,070 --> 00:24:28,240
data that we get from this study which

698
00:24:31,909 --> 00:24:30,080
will contribute to the combustion models

699
00:24:34,070 --> 00:24:31,919
used in the design of future fire

700
00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:34,080
suppression and detection systems both

701
00:24:38,470 --> 00:24:36,320
in space and on the ground

702
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:38,480
and while this set of basic objectives

703
00:24:41,909 --> 00:24:39,760
are wrapping up we're looking forward to

704
00:24:44,390 --> 00:24:41,919
next year when we'll see bass 2 with an

705
00:24:46,710 --> 00:24:44,400
increased number of types of fuels an

706
00:24:48,310 --> 00:24:46,720
increased number of investigators and an

707
00:24:50,149 --> 00:24:48,320
increased number of test points and all

708
00:24:51,830 --> 00:24:50,159
of those things will contribute to even

709
00:24:55,190 --> 00:24:51,840
larger more complex combustion

710
00:24:56,789 --> 00:24:55,200
investigations for solid fuels

711
00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:56,799
so to sum it all up

712
00:25:00,870 --> 00:24:58,880
we have some really neat and interesting

713
00:25:04,149 --> 00:25:00,880
and unique science happening on the

714
00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:04,159
station during expedition 36 and 37

715
00:25:07,990 --> 00:25:06,080
you can learn more about these and and

716
00:25:09,510 --> 00:25:08,000
all of them that are happening on 36 37

717
00:25:11,590 --> 00:25:09,520
if you go to nasa.gov and visit the

718
00:25:12,870 --> 00:25:11,600
press kits we're looking forward to

719
00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:12,880
working with the crew on this we're

720
00:25:15,990 --> 00:25:14,080
really excited i know they're real

721
00:25:18,070 --> 00:25:16,000
excited and that's real important

722
00:25:19,350 --> 00:25:18,080
research that we'll be able to perform

723
00:25:21,190 --> 00:25:19,360
throughout the year

724
00:25:22,549 --> 00:25:21,200
that's all i have okay thank you tara

725
00:25:24,230 --> 00:25:22,559
let's take some questions now we've got

726
00:25:25,029 --> 00:25:24,240
the news media here in houston as well

727
00:25:30,630 --> 00:25:25,039
as

728
00:25:32,789 --> 00:25:30,640
well so we'll start over here

729
00:25:36,070 --> 00:25:32,799
with mark do you have a question yeah

730
00:25:37,750 --> 00:25:36,080
thank you mark caro for aviation week i

731
00:25:40,470 --> 00:25:37,760
have a couple of questions i think

732
00:25:42,789 --> 00:25:40,480
they're primarily operational

733
00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:42,799
operationally oriented and the first has

734
00:25:47,110 --> 00:25:44,720
to do with the developments today i

735
00:25:49,190 --> 00:25:47,120
think you're you put the 2b power

736
00:25:51,269 --> 00:25:49,200
channel

737
00:25:54,070 --> 00:25:51,279
back in the mix and i'm just wondering

738
00:25:56,549 --> 00:25:54,080
if if is your leak chase

739
00:25:59,510 --> 00:25:56,559
sort of settled now or will you continue

740
00:26:04,149 --> 00:26:02,230
the p6 solar power module to see if

741
00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:04,159
there's still a leak of some kind out

742
00:26:07,110 --> 00:26:05,120
there

743
00:26:09,669 --> 00:26:07,120
let's see

744
00:26:12,310 --> 00:26:09,679
so p6 is

745
00:26:13,669 --> 00:26:12,320
basically had a leak since um early in

746
00:26:15,909 --> 00:26:13,679
its life

747
00:26:19,029 --> 00:26:15,919
and in fact we've re reloaded refilled

748
00:26:20,870 --> 00:26:19,039
it once already on orbit which is a

749
00:26:23,110 --> 00:26:20,880
something we'd planned for small leaks

750
00:26:24,870 --> 00:26:23,120
that you can't find you just

751
00:26:26,950 --> 00:26:24,880
we just refill every so often and it

752
00:26:30,310 --> 00:26:26,960
goes four or five years

753
00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:30,320
that leak rate increased a couple years

754
00:26:34,789 --> 00:26:32,960
back i think to

755
00:26:37,029 --> 00:26:34,799
to a slightly higher leak rate but not

756
00:26:38,950 --> 00:26:37,039
one that was alarming i think it went

757
00:26:40,390 --> 00:26:38,960
from about five years to maybe three to

758
00:26:42,470 --> 00:26:40,400
four years

759
00:26:45,190 --> 00:26:42,480
and then right before the um

760
00:26:47,430 --> 00:26:45,200
the holidays the christmas holidays if

761
00:26:49,110 --> 00:26:47,440
you recall we the leak rate increased

762
00:26:50,789 --> 00:26:49,120
significantly we went outside and

763
00:26:53,990 --> 00:26:50,799
isolated the

764
00:26:56,230 --> 00:26:54,000
the radiator on this 2b1 and and the

765
00:26:58,230 --> 00:26:56,240
leak rate changed

766
00:27:02,230 --> 00:26:58,240
to be significantly less

767
00:27:05,029 --> 00:27:02,240
but the radiator was uh held tight so

768
00:27:07,510 --> 00:27:05,039
then this last leak occurred it it was

769
00:27:10,149 --> 00:27:07,520
much bigger it was five pound per day

770
00:27:12,549 --> 00:27:10,159
kind of leak it was very high leak

771
00:27:14,310 --> 00:27:12,559
um and and of course we saw the ammonia

772
00:27:16,070 --> 00:27:14,320
so we changed out the pump

773
00:27:18,390 --> 00:27:16,080
that leak rate is gone

774
00:27:20,070 --> 00:27:18,400
but the smaller leak rates uh the two

775
00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:20,080
smaller leak weights i mentioned earlier

776
00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:21,440
it will take us

777
00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:23,440
it'll take us a couple months to see

778
00:27:26,789 --> 00:27:25,120
probably a couple of three months to

779
00:27:29,430 --> 00:27:26,799
confirm that

780
00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:29,440
that the slightly higher leak rate is is

781
00:27:33,190 --> 00:27:31,120
not there and then the small leak rate

782
00:27:35,669 --> 00:27:33,200
it could take us six months to a year to

783
00:27:37,350 --> 00:27:35,679
really con conclude that that's gone as

784
00:27:38,950 --> 00:27:37,360
well so it'll take us a little time to

785
00:27:40,390 --> 00:27:38,960
sort that out but if either those leaks

786
00:27:42,630 --> 00:27:40,400
are still with us you're still talking

787
00:27:44,470 --> 00:27:42,640
years and that's kind of in our plan

788
00:27:45,990 --> 00:27:44,480
to refill this every so often as

789
00:27:47,190 --> 00:27:46,000
necessary

790
00:27:49,350 --> 00:27:47,200
okay go ahead

791
00:27:52,230 --> 00:27:49,360
um i noticed uh

792
00:27:55,269 --> 00:27:52,240
that the may 28th soyuz launch will

793
00:27:58,870 --> 00:27:55,279
again be uh the sort of express

794
00:28:00,830 --> 00:27:58,880
transit and i wonder if is that going to

795
00:28:03,669 --> 00:28:00,840
be the routine is that still to be

796
00:28:05,830 --> 00:28:03,679
determined um i'm just wondering whether

797
00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:05,840
that's so desirable now that you can do

798
00:28:10,549 --> 00:28:08,240
that each time or it sort of depends

799
00:28:12,549 --> 00:28:10,559
well what we did it in the end i think

800
00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:12,559
ultimately it will depend we have not we

801
00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:14,320
have not decided as a partnership that

802
00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:16,240
that's the the uh

803
00:28:18,230 --> 00:28:17,360
the plan

804
00:28:19,590 --> 00:28:18,240
uh

805
00:28:22,710 --> 00:28:19,600
the given plan

806
00:28:23,830 --> 00:28:22,720
um we we have addressed it now on the on

807
00:28:25,830 --> 00:28:23,840
the first flight we did it as an

808
00:28:27,750 --> 00:28:25,840
individual flight uh we put in some

809
00:28:30,149 --> 00:28:27,760
countermeasures to make sure the crew

810
00:28:32,710 --> 00:28:30,159
was as rested and ready to perform the

811
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:32,720
the docking event as possible

812
00:28:38,310 --> 00:28:35,360
it went very well

813
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:38,320
so based on that review and assuming the

814
00:28:41,510 --> 00:28:40,320
same counter measures we agreed to look

815
00:28:43,029 --> 00:28:41,520
at it again

816
00:28:45,830 --> 00:28:43,039
and then in the summer time we're going

817
00:28:49,110 --> 00:28:45,840
to step back based on those two flights

818
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:49,120
and and our experiences and and make a

819
00:28:52,470 --> 00:28:50,559
determination

820
00:28:54,389 --> 00:28:52,480
uh and a recommendation to our russian

821
00:28:55,430 --> 00:28:54,399
colleagues about what we plan for in the

822
00:28:57,350 --> 00:28:55,440
future

823
00:28:58,549 --> 00:28:57,360
and i suspect there will be

824
00:28:59,590 --> 00:28:58,559
you know some

825
00:29:01,190 --> 00:28:59,600
some

826
00:29:03,590 --> 00:29:01,200
answer that says

827
00:29:05,190 --> 00:29:03,600
uh if you agree to do this when you do

828
00:29:06,789 --> 00:29:05,200
it and maybe not in all cases would you

829
00:29:08,710 --> 00:29:06,799
plan to do a four-orbit rendezvous so we

830
00:29:11,029 --> 00:29:08,720
hope to sort that all out and kind of

831
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:11,039
decide what the plan is for the future

832
00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:13,760
after this after this next flight

833
00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:14,559
okay

834
00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:16,000
robert

835
00:29:24,830 --> 00:29:20,880
with a few questions um

836
00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:24,840
with regards to uh the expedited uh

837
00:29:29,350 --> 00:29:27,600
um rendezvous uh were there was there

838
00:29:31,350 --> 00:29:29,360
any feedback from chris cassidy or the

839
00:29:34,230 --> 00:29:31,360
other crew members that played directly

840
00:29:36,950 --> 00:29:34,240
into any direct changes for this crew

841
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:36,960
in terms of crew comfort or um or

842
00:29:40,549 --> 00:29:39,120
managing the six-hour

843
00:29:43,269 --> 00:29:40,559
compressed schedule

844
00:29:45,110 --> 00:29:43,279
well uh the biggest comment we first of

845
00:29:47,510 --> 00:29:45,120
all the crews all said it went very well

846
00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:47,520
they were very comfortable

847
00:29:52,230 --> 00:29:49,520
the biggest comment they made was we had

848
00:29:54,630 --> 00:29:52,240
started sleep shifting the crew

849
00:29:56,630 --> 00:29:54,640
right after they arrived in baikonur and

850
00:29:58,149 --> 00:29:56,640
so when you sleep shift the crew you

851
00:29:59,990 --> 00:29:58,159
have to sleep shift everybody that's

852
00:30:02,149 --> 00:30:00,000
working with the crew

853
00:30:03,830 --> 00:30:02,159
so it's a dramatic impact to the to the

854
00:30:04,870 --> 00:30:03,840
team at baikonur and the crew came back

855
00:30:06,789 --> 00:30:04,880
to us

856
00:30:09,350 --> 00:30:06,799
post-docking and said you know that was

857
00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:09,360
that was probably not necessary and in

858
00:30:13,430 --> 00:30:11,200
fact the sleep shift plan this time

859
00:30:15,430 --> 00:30:13,440
really starts the sleep shift after

860
00:30:16,950 --> 00:30:15,440
uh sometime after the second fit check

861
00:30:19,830 --> 00:30:16,960
it's it's in fact we're doing a

862
00:30:21,510 --> 00:30:19,840
variation to this time it's more along

863
00:30:23,830 --> 00:30:21,520
the lines of

864
00:30:25,750 --> 00:30:23,840
of you basically

865
00:30:27,190 --> 00:30:25,760
let the crew sleep like they normally do

866
00:30:29,190 --> 00:30:27,200
all the way up to close to launch day

867
00:30:31,669 --> 00:30:29,200
then you we call it slam shifting you do

868
00:30:33,269 --> 00:30:31,679
a big shift you give them a nap before

869
00:30:35,029 --> 00:30:33,279
launch and then they and then they go

870
00:30:37,110 --> 00:30:35,039
fly so it's just another technique for

871
00:30:38,630 --> 00:30:37,120
sleep shifting that people use

872
00:30:41,110 --> 00:30:38,640
because you're very rested when you go

873
00:30:43,269 --> 00:30:41,120
to fly and generally speaking the nap is

874
00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:43,279
a very useful nap meaning it works

875
00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:44,480
you're able to sleep during the nap

876
00:30:47,669 --> 00:30:46,320
period and

877
00:30:49,029 --> 00:30:47,679
and so we're going to try this technique

878
00:30:51,029 --> 00:30:49,039
we think maybe next time there's a

879
00:30:52,630 --> 00:30:51,039
variation on that theme so we'll look at

880
00:30:55,110 --> 00:30:52,640
different sleep shift plans to see which

881
00:30:56,789 --> 00:30:55,120
is best but the crew really felt like

882
00:30:59,110 --> 00:30:56,799
that much of a sleep shift for that long

883
00:31:00,389 --> 00:30:59,120
a period of time was not necessary

884
00:31:03,110 --> 00:31:00,399
other than that they pretty much

885
00:31:05,110 --> 00:31:03,120
confirmed the the other mitigations that

886
00:31:06,870 --> 00:31:05,120
we put in place primarily the probably

887
00:31:08,149 --> 00:31:06,880
one the biggest one after

888
00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:08,159
after

889
00:31:11,510 --> 00:31:10,320
having the appropriate meds available

890
00:31:19,269 --> 00:31:11,520
and

891
00:31:20,549 --> 00:31:19,279
things you'd want to do

892
00:31:21,830 --> 00:31:20,559
stretch your legs a little bit before

893
00:31:23,430 --> 00:31:21,840
you have to get back in the seat for the

894
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:23,440
docking sequence so

895
00:31:27,190 --> 00:31:25,440
um they largely just confirmed what we

896
00:31:28,789 --> 00:31:27,200
did that it that it wouldn't work very

897
00:31:31,830 --> 00:31:28,799
well

898
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:31,840
and with regards to atv4's launch and

899
00:31:36,870 --> 00:31:34,480
progress 51's undocking

900
00:31:40,070 --> 00:31:36,880
there's been some talk about possible

901
00:31:42,710 --> 00:31:40,080
damage given the antennas

902
00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:42,720
not retracting

903
00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:44,320
what will be the course of action in

904
00:31:49,509 --> 00:31:46,799
terms of you're launching or isis

905
00:31:51,509 --> 00:31:49,519
launching atv4 before progress 51

906
00:31:53,430 --> 00:31:51,519
undocks so i don't know if you get a

907
00:31:55,430 --> 00:31:53,440
good look beforehand they're both using

908
00:31:58,230 --> 00:31:55,440
the same port what if that port is

909
00:32:00,149 --> 00:31:58,240
damaged what happens with atv

910
00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:00,159
so so the antenna actually failed to

911
00:32:04,070 --> 00:32:02,880
deploy as opposed to retract um that's

912
00:32:06,070 --> 00:32:04,080
all right the other time we had an

913
00:32:07,669 --> 00:32:06,080
antenna problem it failed to retract so

914
00:32:09,750 --> 00:32:07,679
it's um

915
00:32:12,310 --> 00:32:09,760
and the there if you look at the antenna

916
00:32:13,590 --> 00:32:12,320
it's got kind of a rim area and then i

917
00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:13,600
call it the hat shape where the

918
00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:15,760
electronics are on the back the rim area

919
00:32:20,710 --> 00:32:18,559
is very very thin aluminum with a little

920
00:32:22,630 --> 00:32:20,720
white kind of cloth material over so

921
00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:22,640
it's very flimsy

922
00:32:29,509 --> 00:32:25,840
we expected that that did contact the

923
00:32:32,149 --> 00:32:29,519
outer mold line of the docking

924
00:32:35,990 --> 00:32:32,159
the docking ring and and is probably

925
00:32:38,950 --> 00:32:36,000
resting on this mrr this um

926
00:32:40,710 --> 00:32:38,960
retro reflector that the atv needs to

927
00:32:43,190 --> 00:32:40,720
use

928
00:32:44,710 --> 00:32:43,200
but the loads are such that we don't

929
00:32:46,710 --> 00:32:44,720
expect that we damage the retro

930
00:32:48,389 --> 00:32:46,720
reflector it is possible two things are

931
00:32:50,870 --> 00:32:48,399
possible have occurred one is there's

932
00:32:52,950 --> 00:32:50,880
some mli on this outer mold line of the

933
00:32:55,029 --> 00:32:52,960
on this housing around the docking

934
00:32:57,509 --> 00:32:55,039
we don't believe it's come loose as a

935
00:32:59,909 --> 00:32:57,519
result of that but it's possible that

936
00:33:02,710 --> 00:32:59,919
it's come loose the other is and just in

937
00:33:04,149 --> 00:33:02,720
the act of rubbing up along the side of

938
00:33:05,830 --> 00:33:04,159
the docking thing we might have put some

939
00:33:08,950 --> 00:33:05,840
contamination on the retro reflector

940
00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:08,960
which would perhaps make it difficult to

941
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:11,200
reflect the right energy back to the atv

942
00:33:15,509 --> 00:33:13,200
when it approaches

943
00:33:17,509 --> 00:33:15,519
so the plan is for undocking of 51

944
00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:17,519
progress we'll we have these cameras

945
00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:19,200
they have cameras that look both ways

946
00:33:23,029 --> 00:33:20,640
and so we'll look at the progress

947
00:33:25,190 --> 00:33:23,039
cameras it departs to see if the mli is

948
00:33:27,269 --> 00:33:25,200
is interfering at all with field of view

949
00:33:30,470 --> 00:33:27,279
it's a very simple check

950
00:33:31,830 --> 00:33:30,480
uh and and then assuming that that's the

951
00:33:33,269 --> 00:33:31,840
that it's

952
00:33:35,269 --> 00:33:33,279
doesn't look like it's impeding the

953
00:33:37,669 --> 00:33:35,279
ability to utilize the

954
00:33:39,190 --> 00:33:37,679
mro then we'll go ahead and let atv

955
00:33:41,190 --> 00:33:39,200
approach and in fact we've already given

956
00:33:43,590 --> 00:33:41,200
a go for launch for atv

957
00:33:45,110 --> 00:33:43,600
for pending the

958
00:33:46,789 --> 00:33:45,120
uh the launch review that they have

959
00:33:49,029 --> 00:33:46,799
close to flight but from a program

960
00:33:50,310 --> 00:33:49,039
standpoint we've said we're good for atv

961
00:33:52,149 --> 00:33:50,320
force launch

962
00:33:55,430 --> 00:33:52,159
it approaches it acquires these targets

963
00:33:57,110 --> 00:33:55,440
at about 240 meters at that point if it

964
00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:57,120
can't get a good reflection back it'll

965
00:34:00,470 --> 00:33:58,880
try for about 90 minutes and then it'll

966
00:34:02,389 --> 00:34:00,480
do an escape

967
00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:02,399
so at no time would the iss be at any

968
00:34:07,430 --> 00:34:04,640
risk and then at that point we'll know

969
00:34:09,349 --> 00:34:07,440
the mrr was either contaminated or

970
00:34:11,109 --> 00:34:09,359
there's some other problem with it and

971
00:34:13,510 --> 00:34:11,119
um and this crew that's going up is

972
00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:13,520
bringing up a spare with them and so the

973
00:34:18,470 --> 00:34:15,359
our russian colleagues will do

974
00:34:21,669 --> 00:34:18,480
an eba to r r that uh fyodors actually

975
00:34:22,710 --> 00:34:21,679
looked at the r r procedure and

976
00:34:23,909 --> 00:34:22,720
since he's

977
00:34:25,829 --> 00:34:23,919
had a little time with it so he's

978
00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:25,839
familiar he's probably the one that'll

979
00:34:28,069 --> 00:34:27,200
go outside

980
00:34:37,270 --> 00:34:28,079
and

981
00:34:38,310 --> 00:34:37,280
don't expect her to be any issue

982
00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:38,320
but

983
00:34:42,310 --> 00:34:39,599
you know what they say it's all about

984
00:34:46,069 --> 00:34:43,829
okay who else has questions raise your

985
00:34:48,790 --> 00:34:46,079
hand

986
00:34:50,389 --> 00:34:48,800
go ahead over here um

987
00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:50,399
i was curious when

988
00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:52,480
you're trying to cycle them into like

989
00:34:56,869 --> 00:34:54,560
the sleep shifting process

990
00:34:58,790 --> 00:34:56,879
um and you were saying um appropriate

991
00:35:01,270 --> 00:34:58,800
drugs i mean like sleeping pills or

992
00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:01,280
melatonin i'm just curious

993
00:35:05,670 --> 00:35:03,040
well i don't get too deep in all that

994
00:35:08,630 --> 00:35:05,680
but we do have we do have different

995
00:35:09,670 --> 00:35:08,640
types of medications that we provide

996
00:35:11,910 --> 00:35:09,680
uh

997
00:35:13,829 --> 00:35:11,920
that the the

998
00:35:15,270 --> 00:35:13,839
flight docs provide to help the crew

999
00:35:16,470 --> 00:35:15,280
sleep

1000
00:35:18,550 --> 00:35:16,480
there's also

1001
00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:18,560
medications they can use to help them

1002
00:35:22,790 --> 00:35:20,960
stay alert the medications i was

1003
00:35:25,270 --> 00:35:22,800
referring to though is

1004
00:35:26,870 --> 00:35:25,280
space adaptation sickness is a is a

1005
00:35:28,470 --> 00:35:26,880
phenomenon that

1006
00:35:30,630 --> 00:35:28,480
is

1007
00:35:31,829 --> 00:35:30,640
widespread in terms of space flight but

1008
00:35:33,589 --> 00:35:31,839
it's not

1009
00:35:35,510 --> 00:35:33,599
it's hard to decide who's going to react

1010
00:35:37,030 --> 00:35:35,520
to it and who's not some people fly

1011
00:35:38,870 --> 00:35:37,040
don't feel anything

1012
00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:38,880
some people fly and have mild

1013
00:35:43,510 --> 00:35:41,440
inconvenience others fly and it's

1014
00:35:47,030 --> 00:35:43,520
a little more aggressive and so

1015
00:35:48,790 --> 00:35:47,040
on the ground we spend some time

1016
00:35:50,550 --> 00:35:48,800
testing these meds different types of

1017
00:35:52,790 --> 00:35:50,560
meds on different crews to see how they

1018
00:35:54,150 --> 00:35:52,800
react to make sure that they

1019
00:35:56,470 --> 00:35:54,160
don't react in a way that would make

1020
00:35:58,710 --> 00:35:56,480
them unable to do their job

1021
00:36:00,470 --> 00:35:58,720
and so they they spend some time with

1022
00:36:02,390 --> 00:36:00,480
each crew member trying different meds

1023
00:36:03,750 --> 00:36:02,400
to see which ones works best for them

1024
00:36:05,270 --> 00:36:03,760
and that's what i was referring to and

1025
00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:05,280
then they do that for pre-launch and

1026
00:36:07,910 --> 00:36:06,720
then they have those meds available for

1027
00:36:10,390 --> 00:36:07,920
them if they want to take

1028
00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:10,400
prophylactically before they fly or at

1029
00:36:14,150 --> 00:36:12,800
the onset during flight most of the time

1030
00:36:16,150 --> 00:36:14,160
if they have a concern they'll take it

1031
00:36:18,790 --> 00:36:16,160
before they fly so they don't have to

1032
00:36:20,390 --> 00:36:18,800
wait for it to to work for them

1033
00:36:22,310 --> 00:36:20,400
uh on orbit so that's what i was

1034
00:36:23,990 --> 00:36:22,320
referring to

1035
00:36:25,109 --> 00:36:24,000
anybody else

1036
00:36:26,550 --> 00:36:25,119
back here in the back

1037
00:36:28,150 --> 00:36:26,560
um can you talk a little bit more about

1038
00:36:29,349 --> 00:36:28,160
the space walks that you have scheduled

1039
00:36:30,870 --> 00:36:29,359
like are they just

1040
00:36:31,910 --> 00:36:30,880
what kind of maintenance or anything are

1041
00:36:33,349 --> 00:36:31,920
they doing

1042
00:36:35,270 --> 00:36:33,359
you know i'll let gary talk about that

1043
00:36:37,510 --> 00:36:35,280
he's gonna he's gonna have to get deep

1044
00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:37,520
into it so why don't we let gary do that

1045
00:36:43,109 --> 00:36:39,440
yeah so the i'll talk about the two u.s

1046
00:36:45,190 --> 00:36:43,119
space walks we have planned in july

1047
00:36:46,630 --> 00:36:45,200
so now that space station assembly is

1048
00:36:47,910 --> 00:36:46,640
pretty much complete you know back when

1049
00:36:49,510 --> 00:36:47,920
we were building the space station we

1050
00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:49,520
were going outside at pretty much every

1051
00:36:53,430 --> 00:36:51,520
mission every few months that we got up

1052
00:36:55,670 --> 00:36:53,440
there with space shuttle and and

1053
00:36:58,069 --> 00:36:55,680
built this incredible vehicle so

1054
00:36:59,910 --> 00:36:58,079
now that it's assembled we we don't have

1055
00:37:01,510 --> 00:36:59,920
to go outside very much except for when

1056
00:37:03,190 --> 00:37:01,520
issues like that ammonia leak popped up

1057
00:37:04,470 --> 00:37:03,200
a couple weeks ago we went outside and

1058
00:37:06,390 --> 00:37:04,480
fixed that so

1059
00:37:08,310 --> 00:37:06,400
so we kind of have a kind of a backlog

1060
00:37:10,150 --> 00:37:08,320
of maintenance items we like to go out

1061
00:37:11,990 --> 00:37:10,160
and take care of um

1062
00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:12,000
kind of like around your house when

1063
00:37:15,190 --> 00:37:13,760
you take a few months off and all of a

1064
00:37:17,910 --> 00:37:15,200
sudden you've got all this

1065
00:37:19,510 --> 00:37:17,920
little to-do list you got to go do so

1066
00:37:21,270 --> 00:37:19,520
the first spacewalk one of the things

1067
00:37:24,390 --> 00:37:21,280
that brought up some hardware on the

1068
00:37:26,310 --> 00:37:24,400
spacex mission a couple months ago

1069
00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,320
that will allow us to

1070
00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:28,480
to repair the radiators if we ever have

1071
00:37:31,670 --> 00:37:29,760
a problem in the future they're pretty

1072
00:37:33,910 --> 00:37:31,680
big pieces of hardware so we temporarily

1073
00:37:35,990 --> 00:37:33,920
stowed them robotically outside

1074
00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:36,000
and so the first spacewalk one of the

1075
00:37:38,550 --> 00:37:37,040
main things we're going to do is go

1076
00:37:41,349 --> 00:37:38,560
ahead and take those from the temporary

1077
00:37:43,270 --> 00:37:41,359
location and go get them stowed properly

1078
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:43,280
on the on the truss on each side so

1079
00:37:45,990 --> 00:37:44,800
they're ready to go when we need them in

1080
00:37:47,829 --> 00:37:46,000
the future

1081
00:37:49,589 --> 00:37:47,839
um

1082
00:37:51,670 --> 00:37:49,599
now you know one of the other things we

1083
00:37:53,990 --> 00:37:51,680
had a failure of one of our high data

1084
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:54,000
rate antenna systems couple months ago

1085
00:37:58,069 --> 00:37:55,839
we have two of them so it was just a

1086
00:37:59,990 --> 00:37:58,079
loss of redundancy on on

1087
00:38:01,750 --> 00:38:00,000
the ability to transmit high data rates

1088
00:38:02,630 --> 00:38:01,760
up to the vehicle the downlink side was

1089
00:38:03,829 --> 00:38:02,640
fine

1090
00:38:05,430 --> 00:38:03,839
so that piece of hardware we're going to

1091
00:38:07,829 --> 00:38:05,440
swap that out and get that back up and

1092
00:38:09,430 --> 00:38:07,839
functioning as well

1093
00:38:11,349 --> 00:38:09,440
then we've got several other other like

1094
00:38:13,190 --> 00:38:11,359
i said miscellaneous items one of one of

1095
00:38:14,470 --> 00:38:13,200
the things we're doing is running some

1096
00:38:17,109 --> 00:38:14,480
power and

1097
00:38:18,550 --> 00:38:17,119
data connections down the us segment and

1098
00:38:20,630 --> 00:38:18,560
those will be available for our russian

1099
00:38:22,310 --> 00:38:20,640
colleagues on their spacewalks to hook

1100
00:38:23,589 --> 00:38:22,320
up to those for the the module we

1101
00:38:24,710 --> 00:38:23,599
mentioned is coming up at the end of the

1102
00:38:26,790 --> 00:38:24,720
year so

1103
00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:26,800
that's preparation for that that new

1104
00:38:31,670 --> 00:38:29,680
module coming up

1105
00:38:33,349 --> 00:38:31,680
the second spacewalk

1106
00:38:35,430 --> 00:38:33,359
one of the other things we're doing is

1107
00:38:36,950 --> 00:38:35,440
as part of that radiator repair

1108
00:38:38,550 --> 00:38:36,960
capability we've got some hardware

1109
00:38:39,589 --> 00:38:38,560
that's currently stowed inside the

1110
00:38:41,589 --> 00:38:39,599
vehicle

1111
00:38:43,109 --> 00:38:41,599
and and as you can probably understand

1112
00:38:44,790 --> 00:38:43,119
the amount of cargo we have coming up

1113
00:38:46,470 --> 00:38:44,800
with all these cargo ships if if we can

1114
00:38:47,910 --> 00:38:46,480
get a little more space inside so we're

1115
00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:47,920
going to take these two big pieces of

1116
00:38:52,550 --> 00:38:50,400
hardware outside and put them in a more

1117
00:38:54,550 --> 00:38:52,560
permanent location

1118
00:38:56,550 --> 00:38:54,560
and have them ready for a future

1119
00:38:57,750 --> 00:38:56,560
repair job if we need it

1120
00:38:59,270 --> 00:38:57,760
and

1121
00:39:01,030 --> 00:38:59,280
then we got

1122
00:39:02,790 --> 00:39:01,040
we've got a one of the antennas that we

1123
00:39:04,550 --> 00:39:02,800
use for the space walks

1124
00:39:08,150 --> 00:39:04,560
uh failed a while back so we're gonna go

1125
00:39:09,349 --> 00:39:08,160
ahead and and work on that and um

1126
00:39:11,109 --> 00:39:09,359
and like i said a couple other little

1127
00:39:12,230 --> 00:39:11,119
things like cameras that have had issues

1128
00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:12,240
over the years

1129
00:39:15,349 --> 00:39:13,839
so again a lot of it's kind of catch-up

1130
00:39:17,750 --> 00:39:15,359
work since we we really haven't gone

1131
00:39:19,750 --> 00:39:17,760
outside to other than for um you know

1132
00:39:21,990 --> 00:39:19,760
kind of a contingency repair capability

1133
00:39:25,190 --> 00:39:22,000
in the last year or two so we're gonna

1134
00:39:26,230 --> 00:39:25,200
try and do a lot of catch-up work

1135
00:39:27,349 --> 00:39:26,240
okay let's go to the phone lines real

1136
00:39:28,710 --> 00:39:27,359
quick and we'll come back here i think

1137
00:39:36,069 --> 00:39:28,720
we've got stephen clark with space

1138
00:39:36,079 --> 00:39:39,030
stephen can you hear us

1139
00:39:44,390 --> 00:39:42,069
okay how about miriam cramer

1140
00:39:46,870 --> 00:39:44,400
hi yeah can you hear me yeah

1141
00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:46,880
oh hi this is miriam with space.com um

1142
00:39:52,230 --> 00:39:50,000
so i just have a quick question um will

1143
00:39:54,470 --> 00:39:52,240
the astronauts be continuing the

1144
00:39:57,510 --> 00:39:54,480
research that has already been done on

1145
00:39:59,030 --> 00:39:57,520
station about uh measuring their height

1146
00:40:00,950 --> 00:39:59,040
using an ultrasound machine will that

1147
00:40:03,990 --> 00:40:00,960
still be an experiment that's

1148
00:40:05,829 --> 00:40:04,000
that's done during this expedition

1149
00:40:07,829 --> 00:40:05,839
oh sure yeah that's an ongoing

1150
00:40:09,990 --> 00:40:07,839
investigation looking at changes in the

1151
00:40:11,510 --> 00:40:10,000
spine they do use the ultrasound for

1152
00:40:13,270 --> 00:40:11,520
lots of different types of

1153
00:40:14,790 --> 00:40:13,280
investigations looking at the heart

1154
00:40:16,710 --> 00:40:14,800
looking at the spine

1155
00:40:18,550 --> 00:40:16,720
looking at the eye

1156
00:40:23,030 --> 00:40:18,560
changes in the eye so yeah it's going to

1157
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:25,910
great thanks sure okay

1158
00:40:30,950 --> 00:40:27,440
uh let's try steven one more time see if

1159
00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:33,510
i think we may have lost mr clark okay

1160
00:40:36,310 --> 00:40:34,800
let's come back here to houston who else

1161
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:36,320
has questions here in the room

1162
00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:38,640
here in the front row um can you

1163
00:40:41,829 --> 00:40:39,920
potentially tell me a little bit about

1164
00:40:43,589 --> 00:40:41,839
any meteorology observations going on at

1165
00:40:44,630 --> 00:40:43,599
the iss either planned or currently

1166
00:40:48,069 --> 00:40:44,640
going on

1167
00:40:50,470 --> 00:40:48,079
um do you have any in mind in particular

1168
00:40:53,109 --> 00:40:50,480
saw earlier like a graph of ozone

1169
00:40:54,390 --> 00:40:53,119
distributed things like that oh yeah

1170
00:40:56,470 --> 00:40:54,400
there are a couple there are a couple of

1171
00:40:58,550 --> 00:40:56,480
external facilities that are on station

1172
00:41:01,910 --> 00:40:58,560
um that look at lots of different things

1173
00:41:03,589 --> 00:41:01,920
changes in uh the coastal ocean imaging

1174
00:41:05,430 --> 00:41:03,599
using hyperspectral

1175
00:41:06,870 --> 00:41:05,440
capabilities

1176
00:41:09,030 --> 00:41:06,880
there are

1177
00:41:10,470 --> 00:41:09,040
geez a whole a whole slew of

1178
00:41:11,910 --> 00:41:10,480
dod

1179
00:41:13,829 --> 00:41:11,920
sponsored

1180
00:41:15,190 --> 00:41:13,839
payloads looking at

1181
00:41:16,710 --> 00:41:15,200
changes in the atmosphere changes in

1182
00:41:17,589 --> 00:41:16,720
plasma

1183
00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:17,599
changes

1184
00:41:20,790 --> 00:41:19,200
across the board so

1185
00:41:22,390 --> 00:41:20,800
there are lots of different payloads

1186
00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:22,400
there are future capabilities that are

1187
00:41:26,470 --> 00:41:23,760
also up and coming that are looking at

1188
00:41:27,349 --> 00:41:26,480
the atmospheric aerosol changes looking

1189
00:41:29,430 --> 00:41:27,359
at

1190
00:41:31,430 --> 00:41:29,440
zooming in a lot more closely on the

1191
00:41:33,270 --> 00:41:31,440
on the climate changes look for

1192
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:33,280
an investigation called

1193
00:41:36,630 --> 00:41:34,640
cats

1194
00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:36,640
look for a couple there are a couple

1195
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:38,000
other larger ones that are going to be

1196
00:41:41,109 --> 00:41:39,520
permanently mounted on the external

1197
00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:41,119
truss of station in the next two to

1198
00:41:45,589 --> 00:41:43,680
three years our external facilities

1199
00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:45,599
capabilities for earth observation are

1200
00:41:49,829 --> 00:41:47,440
really really ramping up

1201
00:41:53,430 --> 00:41:49,839
beyond what we have already had so

1202
00:41:55,430 --> 00:41:53,440
there's a whole there's a wide array yep

1203
00:41:57,270 --> 00:41:55,440
okay who else

1204
00:41:59,750 --> 00:41:57,280
right here

1205
00:42:04,710 --> 00:41:59,760
do any of the other power units have

1206
00:42:07,990 --> 00:42:05,750
okay

1207
00:42:09,589 --> 00:42:08,000
it's simple

1208
00:42:11,109 --> 00:42:09,599
i'd like to give you more details but

1209
00:42:12,470 --> 00:42:11,119
there are no more details to give you

1210
00:42:14,829 --> 00:42:12,480
we'd like that answer yeah we do like

1211
00:42:15,190 --> 00:42:14,839
that answer over here in the

1212
00:42:18,069 --> 00:42:15,200
row and why did you choose those

1213
00:42:21,349 --> 00:42:19,589
for this particular investigation

1214
00:42:24,630 --> 00:42:21,359
they're going to grow arabidopsis which

1215
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:24,640
is a mustard type derivative of a plant

1216
00:42:27,910 --> 00:42:26,400
and they're going to sprout these from

1217
00:42:29,829 --> 00:42:27,920
seedlings and they choose a rabbit

1218
00:42:31,910 --> 00:42:29,839
auspices because it's a model plant they

1219
00:42:34,230 --> 00:42:31,920
know a whole lot about the genetics the

1220
00:42:35,829 --> 00:42:34,240
the phenotype the way the plant grows

1221
00:42:37,510 --> 00:42:35,839
here on earth and so

1222
00:42:39,270 --> 00:42:37,520
once you know that about a particular

1223
00:42:41,270 --> 00:42:39,280
organism it becomes the model organism

1224
00:42:42,950 --> 00:42:41,280
by which you can compare the changes

1225
00:42:45,030 --> 00:42:42,960
that you see

1226
00:42:47,109 --> 00:42:45,040
in the biology world the c elegans the

1227
00:42:49,829 --> 00:42:47,119
worm is the equivalent of the of the

1228
00:42:52,230 --> 00:42:49,839
model there so uh so yeah that's why we

1229
00:42:53,829 --> 00:42:52,240
chose arabidopsis there's a whole in

1230
00:42:55,750 --> 00:42:53,839
most of the most of the investigations

1231
00:42:56,950 --> 00:42:55,760
we'll use arabidopsis other

1232
00:42:59,270 --> 00:42:56,960
investigations though if you're looking

1233
00:43:01,270 --> 00:42:59,280
at food crop we've done radish and

1234
00:43:03,510 --> 00:43:01,280
tomatoes and

1235
00:43:04,710 --> 00:43:03,520
just run a whole gamut and the trick for

1236
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:04,720
plant growth is to be able to get

1237
00:43:08,069 --> 00:43:06,800
something that goes from seed to seed

1238
00:43:09,910 --> 00:43:08,079
stages so you want to be able to make

1239
00:43:12,550 --> 00:43:09,920
the whole cycle so you can prove the

1240
00:43:14,309 --> 00:43:12,560
plant will be useful on orbit but for

1241
00:43:17,990 --> 00:43:14,319
these kind of scientific investigations

1242
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:18,000
the arabidopsis is the model of choice

1243
00:43:27,190 --> 00:43:25,109
back over here right here in the middle

1244
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:27,200
hi i was wondering if you

1245
00:43:31,589 --> 00:43:29,680
if there were any um

1246
00:43:33,829 --> 00:43:31,599
pharmaceutical investigations going on

1247
00:43:35,349 --> 00:43:33,839
with the bone density or the bone

1248
00:43:36,790 --> 00:43:35,359
remodeling

1249
00:43:37,910 --> 00:43:36,800
that you guys had going on it's a good

1250
00:43:39,430 --> 00:43:37,920
question so

1251
00:43:41,510 --> 00:43:39,440
there have been a number of them

1252
00:43:43,190 --> 00:43:41,520
bisphosphonates is one that they're

1253
00:43:45,030 --> 00:43:43,200
looking at crew members can choose to

1254
00:43:47,349 --> 00:43:45,040
sign up for these uh to implement on

1255
00:43:49,349 --> 00:43:47,359
orbit as well so bisphosphonate's one

1256
00:43:50,150 --> 00:43:49,359
potential countermeasure there have been

1257
00:43:52,069 --> 00:43:50,160
other

1258
00:43:54,150 --> 00:43:52,079
pharmaceuticals tested in rodents in the

1259
00:43:56,550 --> 00:43:54,160
past looking at osteoprotegrin

1260
00:43:59,030 --> 00:43:56,560
myostatins and and products that are

1261
00:44:01,109 --> 00:43:59,040
commercially available and and used in

1262
00:44:03,829 --> 00:44:01,119
patients in osteoporosis here on the

1263
00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:03,839
ground uh pharmaceutical-wise so i think

1264
00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:05,520
bisphosphonates is the only one that's

1265
00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:09,119
going on right now

1266
00:44:13,430 --> 00:44:10,480
okay over here

1267
00:44:15,829 --> 00:44:13,440
um what are current plans for testing

1268
00:44:18,870 --> 00:44:15,839
with the robonaut 2 device that's on the

1269
00:44:21,349 --> 00:44:18,880
space station right now well robonaut 2

1270
00:44:24,150 --> 00:44:21,359
has a task board on orbit and so the

1271
00:44:25,910 --> 00:44:24,160
goal for robonaut 2 is to to test its uh

1272
00:44:27,510 --> 00:44:25,920
tactile functions and capabilities by

1273
00:44:28,790 --> 00:44:27,520
programming either from the ground or by

1274
00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:28,800
the crew members who are already on

1275
00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:31,440
orbit so robonaut's got this task board

1276
00:44:34,790 --> 00:44:33,040
that has lots of different capabilities

1277
00:44:36,710 --> 00:44:34,800
to draw out some of the strengths and

1278
00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:36,720
weaknesses and the text tactile function

1279
00:44:41,270 --> 00:44:38,960
and operations i know that there's some

1280
00:44:43,109 --> 00:44:41,280
discussion uh in the future

1281
00:44:45,750 --> 00:44:43,119
uh about expanding the robonaut

1282
00:44:48,230 --> 00:44:45,760
capabilities to perhaps uh have have

1283
00:44:50,950 --> 00:44:48,240
legs is what i'm hearing and maybe an

1284
00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:50,960
external and eva a mounted robonaut as

1285
00:44:54,550 --> 00:44:53,119
well so once we get through these first

1286
00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:54,560
couple of rough technology

1287
00:44:57,349 --> 00:44:55,760
demonstrations and get really

1288
00:45:00,950 --> 00:44:57,359
comfortable with the progress it's going

1289
00:45:03,589 --> 00:45:00,960
to become a more complex design

1290
00:45:05,589 --> 00:45:03,599
okay over here

1291
00:45:06,390 --> 00:45:05,599
back to the meteorological stuff you

1292
00:45:07,510 --> 00:45:06,400
were saying that you're going to be

1293
00:45:09,190 --> 00:45:07,520
ramping up

1294
00:45:11,670 --> 00:45:09,200
stuff there more in the couple the next

1295
00:45:14,150 --> 00:45:11,680
couple of years is global climate change

1296
00:45:15,270 --> 00:45:14,160
and like extreme weather encouraging

1297
00:45:16,870 --> 00:45:15,280
this sort of

1298
00:45:18,710 --> 00:45:16,880
i mean is that part of what that's about

1299
00:45:20,950 --> 00:45:18,720
i don't think it's a reaction to that

1300
00:45:23,270 --> 00:45:20,960
necessarily i think it's just

1301
00:45:24,790 --> 00:45:23,280
a reaction to the community recognizing

1302
00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:24,800
that we have the capabilities and the

1303
00:45:28,550 --> 00:45:26,880
access to the capabilities

1304
00:45:30,230 --> 00:45:28,560
and there's always an interest in

1305
00:45:32,470 --> 00:45:30,240
climate control there's been for years

1306
00:45:35,109 --> 00:45:32,480
and so so i think it's it's not really a

1307
00:45:36,470 --> 00:45:35,119
reaction to to latest news but but more

1308
00:45:39,430 --> 00:45:36,480
reaction to the availability of the

1309
00:45:40,470 --> 00:45:39,440
facilities that's a good question

1310
00:45:42,950 --> 00:45:40,480
over here

1311
00:45:45,190 --> 00:45:42,960
did the astronauts get any exposure to

1312
00:45:47,589 --> 00:45:45,200
the sun through the windows and you know

1313
00:45:49,030 --> 00:45:47,599
both types of uv rays come in through it

1314
00:45:50,630 --> 00:45:49,040
i don't think they get any kind of

1315
00:45:51,270 --> 00:45:50,640
exposure

1316
00:45:53,430 --> 00:45:51,280
of

1317
00:45:54,870 --> 00:45:53,440
not through not through the well hang on

1318
00:45:56,390 --> 00:45:54,880
there's some kind of radiation levels

1319
00:45:57,430 --> 00:45:56,400
inside the space station that's a really

1320
00:45:58,790 --> 00:45:57,440
good question

1321
00:46:00,870 --> 00:45:58,800
we have

1322
00:46:02,870 --> 00:46:00,880
lots of different types of detectors

1323
00:46:04,470 --> 00:46:02,880
inside the station that are different

1324
00:46:06,630 --> 00:46:04,480
types of technologies

1325
00:46:08,470 --> 00:46:06,640
we're testing out the best one of those

1326
00:46:10,630 --> 00:46:08,480
that could be potentially used on future

1327
00:46:12,150 --> 00:46:10,640
long duration missions the vehicle it's

1328
00:46:13,990 --> 00:46:12,160
it but even that's a challenge because

1329
00:46:15,589 --> 00:46:14,000
the vehicle is so well designed to

1330
00:46:19,109 --> 00:46:15,599
protect the crew against the radiation

1331
00:46:21,109 --> 00:46:19,119
that um you know it's and it varies by

1332
00:46:23,990 --> 00:46:21,119
uh module and by location inside the

1333
00:46:25,990 --> 00:46:24,000
vehicle so uh so we we strategically

1334
00:46:27,589 --> 00:46:26,000
place those detectors in places where uh

1335
00:46:28,950 --> 00:46:27,599
that are pertinent to the measurements

1336
00:46:30,550 --> 00:46:28,960
that we want to take but there's all

1337
00:46:32,390 --> 00:46:30,560
kinds of different uh measurements

1338
00:46:33,990 --> 00:46:32,400
inside yeah

1339
00:46:36,150 --> 00:46:34,000
yeah there's ub

1340
00:46:38,150 --> 00:46:36,160
protection on the windows on the u.s

1341
00:46:39,750 --> 00:46:38,160
segment there's a couple of windows on

1342
00:46:41,190 --> 00:46:39,760
the russian segment don't have that and

1343
00:46:43,109 --> 00:46:41,200
so

1344
00:46:44,790 --> 00:46:43,119
we uh well first we don't encourage

1345
00:46:46,950 --> 00:46:44,800
crews to use them very often and when

1346
00:46:48,390 --> 00:46:46,960
they do use them and they uh they wear

1347
00:46:50,470 --> 00:46:48,400
sunglasses

1348
00:46:52,069 --> 00:46:50,480
and and actually actually they can use

1349
00:46:53,750 --> 00:46:52,079
sunscreen too they don't use the windows

1350
00:46:57,190 --> 00:46:53,760
very often now that we have the cupola

1351
00:46:58,230 --> 00:46:57,200
but in the past they had

1352
00:47:04,390 --> 00:46:58,240
mark

1353
00:47:06,470 --> 00:47:04,400
and i think for uh tara rutley

1354
00:47:09,430 --> 00:47:06,480
you talked a little bit about the the

1355
00:47:12,309 --> 00:47:09,440
research uh profile from a quantitative

1356
00:47:14,630 --> 00:47:12,319
sense and the 35 hours was kind of the

1357
00:47:17,270 --> 00:47:14,640
mark could you could you dial back maybe

1358
00:47:19,510 --> 00:47:17,280
a couple of months i think the last crew

1359
00:47:21,750 --> 00:47:19,520
flipped over that kind of what some of

1360
00:47:23,670 --> 00:47:21,760
the high points are and what you're what

1361
00:47:26,390 --> 00:47:23,680
you're striving for now

1362
00:47:29,030 --> 00:47:26,400
yeah i think we've we've seen an average

1363
00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,040
of way over 35 hours a week for the last

1364
00:47:33,109 --> 00:47:31,040
several couple of months right was that

1365
00:47:34,150 --> 00:47:33,119
uh four or five months now i've lost

1366
00:47:36,470 --> 00:47:34,160
track but

1367
00:47:39,109 --> 00:47:36,480
um and uh and they've just been keeping

1368
00:47:41,990 --> 00:47:39,119
busy giving us given us science uh

1369
00:47:44,390 --> 00:47:42,000
getting the data back um even when we we

1370
00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:44,400
encounter you know on-orbit tricks

1371
00:47:48,309 --> 00:47:46,400
it's not been an impact to the science

1372
00:47:49,589 --> 00:47:48,319
and our office has always asked first

1373
00:47:52,790 --> 00:47:49,599
what's the impact of science is very

1374
00:47:55,750 --> 00:47:52,800
first and foremost and so uh it's it's

1375
00:47:57,910 --> 00:47:55,760
been a pleasure to to implement the

1376
00:47:58,870 --> 00:47:57,920
the research portfolio just

1377
00:48:00,550 --> 00:47:58,880
um

1378
00:48:03,109 --> 00:48:00,560
the high points are getting the data

1379
00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:03,119
back getting results that uh in in the

1380
00:48:07,589 --> 00:48:04,800
form of technical publications and

1381
00:48:10,069 --> 00:48:07,599
really high impact journals that we can

1382
00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:10,079
turn around and share with the community

1383
00:48:12,470 --> 00:48:11,440
such as some of the results that have

1384
00:48:15,109 --> 00:48:12,480
come from the alpha magnetic

1385
00:48:16,630 --> 00:48:15,119
spectrometer recently and professor ting

1386
00:48:19,109 --> 00:48:16,640
some of the bone

1387
00:48:20,870 --> 00:48:19,119
mitigation loss results some plant

1388
00:48:23,270 --> 00:48:20,880
papers that have recently come out

1389
00:48:25,430 --> 00:48:23,280
showing how plants respond not only to

1390
00:48:27,349 --> 00:48:25,440
the gravity stimulus but also

1391
00:48:29,270 --> 00:48:27,359
it's critical for light

1392
00:48:30,390 --> 00:48:29,280
light as well which we we suspected but

1393
00:48:33,030 --> 00:48:30,400
it's interesting when you look at it

1394
00:48:35,670 --> 00:48:33,040
from a root perspective

1395
00:48:37,349 --> 00:48:35,680
roots uh waving and skewing so uh

1396
00:48:38,950 --> 00:48:37,359
there's been al you know the the best

1397
00:48:40,390 --> 00:48:38,960
part of the research is when you get the

1398
00:48:41,750 --> 00:48:40,400
results you get to communicate to the

1399
00:48:43,670 --> 00:48:41,760
community and and you know what is

1400
00:48:46,069 --> 00:48:43,680
science takes time and that's just the

1401
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:46,079
way it is so it's not always one big

1402
00:48:50,390 --> 00:48:48,000
bang highlight after the next but over

1403
00:48:51,910 --> 00:48:50,400
the last few months um it's been really

1404
00:48:54,309 --> 00:48:51,920
great to see that the science has been

1405
00:48:55,990 --> 00:48:54,319
protected and the crew is able to to

1406
00:48:57,750 --> 00:48:56,000
perform the on-orbit uh work they need

1407
00:48:59,030 --> 00:48:57,760
to do and still get the get the research

1408
00:49:01,190 --> 00:48:59,040
done

1409
00:49:03,109 --> 00:49:01,200
cli

1410
00:49:04,710 --> 00:49:03,119
six weeks ago i think it was six weeks

1411
00:49:06,390 --> 00:49:04,720
ago roughly speaking a few weeks ago

1412
00:49:09,510 --> 00:49:06,400
we'd have to get you exact time

1413
00:49:11,190 --> 00:49:09,520
week we had 72 hours in one week so that

1414
00:49:12,950 --> 00:49:11,200
was uh that was the

1415
00:49:14,950 --> 00:49:12,960
highest number of hours for research in

1416
00:49:17,109 --> 00:49:14,960
any week since space station started

1417
00:49:19,190 --> 00:49:17,119
flying so that was a big deal the week

1418
00:49:21,670 --> 00:49:19,200
we did the eba two weeks ago we did the

1419
00:49:23,950 --> 00:49:21,680
eba which is always a big impact to crew

1420
00:49:28,309 --> 00:49:23,960
time we actually did

1421
00:49:30,470 --> 00:49:28,319
42 43 hours of research so it's

1422
00:49:32,390 --> 00:49:30,480
it's been amazing now that eva was

1423
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:32,400
unique we had basically planned for this

1424
00:49:37,109 --> 00:49:34,880
eba as one or two options back in the

1425
00:49:39,190 --> 00:49:37,119
christmas time we just finished getting

1426
00:49:41,349 --> 00:49:39,200
the suit uh checked out so we didn't

1427
00:49:42,870 --> 00:49:41,359
have to do a lot of extra suit work

1428
00:49:44,790 --> 00:49:42,880
the two crew members that went outside

1429
00:49:47,990 --> 00:49:44,800
had actually been outside they changed

1430
00:49:49,750 --> 00:49:48,000
the batteries out on this trust together

1431
00:49:51,510 --> 00:49:49,760
a few years back so there were a lot of

1432
00:49:54,309 --> 00:49:51,520
reasons why this eba was able to be done

1433
00:49:56,069 --> 00:49:54,319
relatively quickly and had a

1434
00:49:59,589 --> 00:49:56,079
less of an impact on research but still

1435
00:50:01,670 --> 00:49:59,599
to do an eva any eba and get 40 hours of

1436
00:50:04,309 --> 00:50:01,680
40 plus hours of research is an amazing

1437
00:50:05,750 --> 00:50:04,319
feat so it's a it's the testimony to the

1438
00:50:08,390 --> 00:50:05,760
efficiencies that we're starting to gain

1439
00:50:10,870 --> 00:50:08,400
but also the time the crew is putting in

1440
00:50:12,549 --> 00:50:10,880
to get things done and

1441
00:50:14,790 --> 00:50:12,559
and in fact i have to continually

1442
00:50:16,390 --> 00:50:14,800
caution them not to work themselves to

1443
00:50:18,150 --> 00:50:16,400
death you know this is a marathon on

1444
00:50:19,670 --> 00:50:18,160
station not not a sprint like we used to

1445
00:50:21,270 --> 00:50:19,680
do in shuttle so

1446
00:50:22,150 --> 00:50:21,280
we constantly remind them make sure that

1447
00:50:27,030 --> 00:50:22,160
you're

1448
00:50:28,390 --> 00:50:27,040
ready to go every day as opposed to you

1449
00:50:29,670 --> 00:50:28,400
know really kill it for a couple weeks

1450
00:50:34,230 --> 00:50:29,680
and then then have a hard time

1451
00:50:41,270 --> 00:50:37,670
but um during your increment

1452
00:50:42,470 --> 00:50:41,280
who's trained for the big 12 repairs is

1453
00:50:44,870 --> 00:50:42,480
it all

1454
00:50:47,510 --> 00:50:44,880
all three chris plus uh

1455
00:50:49,510 --> 00:50:47,520
luca parmitano and karen nyberg or just

1456
00:50:52,390 --> 00:50:49,520
two on the u.s segment

1457
00:50:54,630 --> 00:50:52,400
yeah so chris karen and luca are all

1458
00:50:56,150 --> 00:50:54,640
fully qualified for spacewalks so that

1459
00:50:57,430 --> 00:50:56,160
all three of them are capable that's

1460
00:50:58,630 --> 00:50:57,440
correct

1461
00:50:59,750 --> 00:50:58,640
yep

1462
00:51:01,510 --> 00:50:59,760
okay we've got time for one more go

1463
00:51:03,430 --> 00:51:01,520
ahead robert um

1464
00:51:05,589 --> 00:51:03,440
all right earlier this week they

1465
00:51:07,109 --> 00:51:05,599
announced that that the earth cam was

1466
00:51:09,670 --> 00:51:07,119
good our iss earthquake was going to be

1467
00:51:12,470 --> 00:51:09,680
renamed sally rider cam

1468
00:51:14,069 --> 00:51:12,480
is that your one continuous science

1469
00:51:16,150 --> 00:51:14,079
student outreach science experiment or

1470
00:51:18,150 --> 00:51:16,160
do you have others that are running

1471
00:51:20,150 --> 00:51:18,160
continuously on the space station

1472
00:51:22,309 --> 00:51:20,160
through expeditions

1473
00:51:23,349 --> 00:51:22,319
and does student experiments count into

1474
00:51:25,349 --> 00:51:23,359
the

1475
00:51:27,349 --> 00:51:25,359
science total when you when you count up

1476
00:51:29,829 --> 00:51:27,359
hours

1477
00:51:32,230 --> 00:51:29,839
oh gosh yeah um there are a couple of

1478
00:51:34,470 --> 00:51:32,240
education payloads that are ongoing that

1479
00:51:37,430 --> 00:51:34,480
have been ongoing for years overstation

1480
00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:37,440
one of them is the iss ham radio

1481
00:51:40,790 --> 00:51:39,040
where the crew can connect with students

1482
00:51:43,270 --> 00:51:40,800
across the globe

1483
00:51:45,430 --> 00:51:43,280
formally to call down using ham radio

1484
00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:45,440
and the students get to

1485
00:51:49,109 --> 00:51:47,280
ask the crew questions which is a really

1486
00:51:51,589 --> 00:51:49,119
important part of it you know there's

1487
00:51:53,430 --> 00:51:51,599
always some kind of ongoing competitions

1488
00:51:56,230 --> 00:51:53,440
for students especially through the the

1489
00:51:58,390 --> 00:51:56,240
nanoracks experience and the uh

1490
00:52:00,549 --> 00:51:58,400
and the uh the studies for uh the

1491
00:52:02,630 --> 00:52:00,559
student experiments for design for space

1492
00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:02,640
flight um

1493
00:52:06,069 --> 00:52:04,720
it's it's an ongoing process i can only

1494
00:52:07,510 --> 00:52:06,079
think of those two at the top of my head

1495
00:52:09,430 --> 00:52:07,520
but there's there's quite a handful that

1496
00:52:11,349 --> 00:52:09,440
have been uh continuous

1497
00:52:12,950 --> 00:52:11,359
one in one program we don't talk about

1498
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:12,960
and we really should do a better job we

1499
00:52:16,069 --> 00:52:14,880
have a growing program we refer to as

1500
00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:16,079
hunch and i can't tell you what the

1501
00:52:20,950 --> 00:52:19,760
acronym stands for today but it involves

1502
00:52:22,390 --> 00:52:20,960
primarily

1503
00:52:24,390 --> 00:52:22,400
high school

1504
00:52:25,829 --> 00:52:24,400
i'll say juniors and seniors i don't

1505
00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:25,839
think it's limited

1506
00:52:29,589 --> 00:52:27,760
necessarily just junior seizure but high

1507
00:52:31,589 --> 00:52:29,599
schools and some

1508
00:52:32,630 --> 00:52:31,599
colleges and junior colleges where we

1509
00:52:34,549 --> 00:52:32,640
actually

1510
00:52:36,870 --> 00:52:34,559
work with the students to build hardware

1511
00:52:38,549 --> 00:52:36,880
for us and generally speaking

1512
00:52:40,630 --> 00:52:38,559
largely they spend they build the

1513
00:52:44,150 --> 00:52:40,640
training hardware for us but there have

1514
00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:44,160
been simple even flight items they have

1515
00:52:47,670 --> 00:52:45,760
built for us and this has been growing

1516
00:52:49,510 --> 00:52:47,680
for years now and i don't remember the

1517
00:52:51,829 --> 00:52:49,520
number off top my head i've signed a

1518
00:52:53,910 --> 00:52:51,839
number of agreements in in

1519
00:52:55,910 --> 00:52:53,920
in recent months but

1520
00:52:58,230 --> 00:52:55,920
it's grown it started off as

1521
00:53:00,470 --> 00:52:58,240
one or two of three schools and and

1522
00:53:02,630 --> 00:53:00,480
mostly in the houston area to i don't

1523
00:53:05,430 --> 00:53:02,640
know the exact figures but i bet we have

1524
00:53:06,470 --> 00:53:05,440
25 30 schools involved now across the

1525
00:53:08,470 --> 00:53:06,480
country

1526
00:53:09,910 --> 00:53:08,480
um and it's an amazing program because

1527
00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:09,920
it introduces

1528
00:53:15,270 --> 00:53:12,640
uh kids to the to the practical

1529
00:53:17,349 --> 00:53:15,280
application of the of the science and

1530
00:53:18,309 --> 00:53:17,359
engineering and math the kind of things

1531
00:53:20,069 --> 00:53:18,319
that we're

1532
00:53:23,670 --> 00:53:20,079
trying to encourage in kids today it's

1533
00:53:24,950 --> 00:53:23,680
been it's been a a great program from

1534
00:53:26,950 --> 00:53:24,960
the standpoint of getting interest

1535
00:53:28,470 --> 00:53:26,960
because you know anything like me it's

1536
00:53:30,470 --> 00:53:28,480
great to go do the math and stuff but

1537
00:53:32,390 --> 00:53:30,480
it's where you get to get your hands on

1538
00:53:33,829 --> 00:53:32,400
hardware build hardware

1539
00:53:35,030 --> 00:53:33,839
see the fruits of your labor that you

1540
00:53:37,349 --> 00:53:35,040
really get

1541
00:53:40,630 --> 00:53:37,359
energized and you really learn about the

1542
00:53:42,710 --> 00:53:40,640
practicality of the of the analysis that

1543
00:53:44,710 --> 00:53:42,720
you've been learning or the the the

1544
00:53:47,109 --> 00:53:44,720
techniques that you've been learning so

1545
00:53:49,990 --> 00:53:47,119
that's uh that's been a growing uh

1546
00:53:51,430 --> 00:53:50,000
program uh for us and it's we don't talk

1547
00:53:53,910 --> 00:53:51,440
much about it because it's

1548
00:53:55,910 --> 00:53:53,920
not too much of the hardware goes

1549
00:53:57,990 --> 00:53:55,920
to flight and if it does it's not it's

1550
00:53:59,990 --> 00:53:58,000
not giant i mean they built bags and

1551
00:54:00,870 --> 00:54:00,000
some onesie two's the other items on

1552
00:54:01,670 --> 00:54:00,880
orbit

1553
00:54:03,430 --> 00:54:01,680
um

1554
00:54:05,829 --> 00:54:03,440
but it's it's a really big deal to the

1555
00:54:07,990 --> 00:54:05,839
kids and i think it's helping

1556
00:54:11,109 --> 00:54:08,000
uh grow the the

1557
00:54:12,630 --> 00:54:11,119
or instill the the interest level in the

1558
00:54:14,630 --> 00:54:12,640
students when they get to do something

1559
00:54:16,390 --> 00:54:14,640
practical with the with what they're

1560
00:54:18,230 --> 00:54:16,400
learning

1561
00:54:19,829 --> 00:54:18,240
if there's a minute um you know space

1562
00:54:23,270 --> 00:54:19,839
station research has actually touched

1563
00:54:25,750 --> 00:54:23,280
about 42 million students worldwide i

1564
00:54:28,790 --> 00:54:25,760
mean and of the us that would be about

1565
00:54:31,510 --> 00:54:28,800
30 million in the us so um that's just

1566
00:54:32,870 --> 00:54:31,520
since 2000 so whether it's k-12 or

1567
00:54:34,069 --> 00:54:32,880
undergraduates or graduate students

1568
00:54:35,510 --> 00:54:34,079
crunching numbers

1569
00:54:37,589 --> 00:54:35,520
there's some kind of participation in

1570
00:54:39,030 --> 00:54:37,599
just about every investigation that's

1571
00:54:40,790 --> 00:54:39,040
happening on station for student

1572
00:54:42,150 --> 00:54:40,800
involvement

1573
00:54:43,349 --> 00:54:42,160
okay with that we're going to wrap it up

1574
00:54:45,510 --> 00:54:43,359
let's take a look at our coverage that

1575
00:54:46,790 --> 00:54:45,520
is planned for tuesday as luca karan and

1576
00:54:48,790 --> 00:54:46,800
fiora get ready to launch to the

1577
00:54:50,309 --> 00:54:48,800
international space station our live

1578
00:54:51,990 --> 00:54:50,319
coverage here on nasa television begins

1579
00:54:54,309 --> 00:54:52,000
at 2 30 p.m

1580
00:54:55,829 --> 00:54:54,319
uh central time launch will take place a

1581
00:54:58,150 --> 00:54:55,839
little more than an hour after that at 3

1582
00:55:00,870 --> 00:54:58,160
31 pm central time that is going to be

1583
00:55:02,790 --> 00:55:00,880
bright and early at about 2 31 a.m there

1584
00:55:04,309 --> 00:55:02,800
locally in kazakhstan

1585
00:55:06,710 --> 00:55:04,319
uh be a long day for those folks down

1586
00:55:08,150 --> 00:55:06,720
there docking coverage begins at 8 30 pm

1587
00:55:10,710 --> 00:55:08,160
uh central time with docking taking

1588
00:55:12,309 --> 00:55:10,720
place at 9 16 p.m and then we'll have a

1589
00:55:14,309 --> 00:55:12,319
separate broadcast as the hatches are

1590
00:55:16,710 --> 00:55:14,319
opened at around 10 30 p.m central time

1591
00:55:18,150 --> 00:55:16,720
the actual hatch opening at 10 55. for

1592
00:55:19,910 --> 00:55:18,160
all the latest just log on to the nasa

1593
00:55:21,589 --> 00:55:19,920
website at nasa.gov